Abstract: A method may include forming a mask layer on top of a first dielectric layer formed on a first source/drain and a second source/drain, and creating an opening in the mask layer and the first dielectric layer that exposes portions of the first source/drain and the second source/drain. The method may include filling the opening with a metal layer that covers the exposed portions of the first source/drain and the second source/drain, and forming a gap in the metal layer to create a first metal contact and a second metal contact. The first metal contact may electrically couple to the first source/drain and the second metal contact may electrically couple to the second source/drain. The gap may separate the first metal contact from the second metal contact by less than nineteen nanometers.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus is for rendering a three-dimensional (3D) effect by transforming a first quadrilateral image to a second quadrilateral image. The apparatus includes a target image determining unit, a block determining unit and a graphic unit. The target image determining unit generates an outline associated with the second quadrilateral image according to the first quadrilateral image and the 3D effect. The block determining unit divides an area within the outline into a plurality of second blocks and correspondingly determines a plurality of first blocks from the first quadrilateral image. The graphic unit scales image data of the first blocks to respectively generate image data of the second blocks to obtain the second quadrilateral image.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus and an associated method capable of effectively reducing image artifact at an edge of an image without excessively compromising overall system performance. The method includes calculating an intersection point of an edge of the image and a pixel scan line, estimating a relative ratio of the image within a pixel block corresponding to the intersection point to generate an adjustment parameter, and adjusting a pixel value of the pixel block according to adjustment parameter.

Abstract: An image processing method for rendering a three-dimensional by transforming a first quadrilateral image to a second quadrilateral image is provided, with at least one of the first and second quadrilateral images being a trapezoidal image. The image processing method includes providing the first quadrilateral image, generating coordinates of four vertices associated with the second quadrilateral image according to the first quadrilateral image and the three-dimensional effect; determining a relative height and a relative width according to a height and a width of the first quadrilateral image and the coordinates of the four vertices; and generating a plurality of pixel values of the second quadrilateral image with reference to a plurality of pixel values of the first quadrilateral image according to the relative height and the relative width.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus and an associated method capable of effectively reducing image artifact at an edge of an image without excessively compromising overall system performance. The method includes calculating an intersection point of an edge of the image and a pixel scan line, estimating a relative ratio of the image within a pixel block corresponding to the intersection point to generate an adjustment parameter, and adjusting a pixel value of the pixel block according to adjustment parameter.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus is for rendering a three-dimensional (3D) effect by transforming a first quadrilateral image to a second quadrilateral image. The apparatus includes a target image determining unit, a block determining unit and a graphic unit. The target image determining unit generates an outline associated with the second quadrilateral image according to the first quadrilateral image and the 3D effect. The block determining unit divides an area within the outline into a plurality of second blocks and correspondingly determines a plurality of first blocks from the first quadrilateral image. The graphic unit scales image data of the first blocks to respectively generate image data of the second blocks to obtain the second quadrilateral image.