Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing timing measurement for location estimation of an electronic device are provided, where the method includes the steps of: sending a pre-association broadcast request frame to trigger multiple responders in a wireless network system to initiate timing measurement; and performing timing measurement according to a plurality of timestamps, for determining a location of the electronic device, wherein for a specific responder of the responders, a first timestamp and a second timestamp within the plurality of timestamps respectively correspond to a time of departure (ToD) and a time of arrival (ToA) of a pre-association uni-cast response frame received from the specific responder, and a third timestamp and a fourth timestamp within the plurality of timestamps respectively correspond to a ToD and a ToA of an acknowledgement frame corresponding to the pre-association uni-cast response frame, the acknowledgement frame sent from the electronic device to the specific responder.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for hiding information in a communication protocol signal are disclosed. The apparatus comprises a bit selection unit, an information encoding unit and an information decoding unit, wherein the bit selection unit selects suitable bits in the signal for hiding information, the information encoding unit encodes the information into the suitable bits selected by the bit selection unit, and the information decoding unit decodes the information encoded in the suitable bits.