Abstract: RuCore—Ptshell nanocatalysts with 1˜3 atomic layers of Pt-shell were developed for enhancing the catalytic activities. Uniform atomic layers of Pt were successfully deposited on the core nanoparticles with high precision. Using such nanocatalysts as the cathode of the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC), the efficiency of DSSC can be significantly increased. For direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications, much higher performance can also be achieved by using such RuCore—Ptshell nanocatalysts and the DMFC can be operated at room temperature without the need to raise the cell temperature to above room temperature (such as 80° C.).

Abstract: RuCore—Ptshell nanocatalysts with 1˜3 atomic layers of Pt-shell were developed for enhancing the catalytic activities. Uniform atomic layers of Pt were successfully deposited on the core nanoparticles with high precision. Using such nanocatalysts as the cathode of the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC), the efficiency of DSSC can be significantly increased. For direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications, much higher performance can also be achieved by using such RuCore—Ptshell nanocatalysts and the DMFC can be operated at room temperature without the need to raise the cell temperature to above room temperature (such as 80° C.).

Abstract: This invention relates to an inductively-coupled high density plasma producing apparatus and a plasma processing equipment having the apparatus. The plasma processing equipment consists of a shape-adjustable coil (antenna), a RF power generator, an impedance matching network, a plasma chamber, a gas supply system, and a vacuum system. The gases for producing plasma are fed into the plasma chamber. The RF power is fed into the coil to produce plasma in the plasma chamber. This invention is characterized by the provision of a shape-adjustable coil, which is used to shape the RF power profile in the plasma chamber such that the plasma density profile (uniformity) can be controlled.