Abstract: This invention provides polyurethane foams containing a brominated flame retardant. Also provided are formulations and methods for preparing polyurethane foams containing a brominated flame retardant.

Abstract: This invention provides nonaqueous electrolyte solutions for lithium batteries. The nonaqueous electrolyte solutions comprise a liquid electrolyte medium; a lithium-containing salt; 4-bromomethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, and at least one electrochemical additive.

Abstract: This invention provides nonaqueous electrolyte solutions for lithium batteries which contain one or more brominated flame retardants. The nonaqueous electrolyte solutions comprise i) a liquid electrolyte medium; ii) a lithium-containing salt; and iii) at least one brominated flame retardant. The brominated flame retardant is present in the electrolyte solution in a flame retardant amount, has a boiling point of about 60° C. or higher, and has a bromine content of about 55 wt % or more based on the weight of the brominated flame retardant.

Abstract: This invention provides nonaqueous electrolyte solutions for lithium batteries. The nonaqueous electrolyte solutions comprise a liquid electrolyte medium; a lithium-containing salt; and at least one oxygen-containing brominated flame retardant.

Abstract: This invention provides nonaqueous electrolyte solutions for lithium batteries. The nonaqueous electrolyte solutions comprise a liquid electrolyte medium; a lithium-containing salt; and at least one oxygen-containing brominated flame retardant.

Abstract: This invention provides nonaqueous electrolyte solutions for lithium batteries which contain one or more brominated flame retardants. The nonaqueous electrolyte solutions comprise a) a liquid electrolyte medium; b) a lithium-containing salt; and c) at least one brominated flame retardant. The brominated flame retardant is present in the electrolyte solution in a flame retardant amount.

Abstract: The disclosure includes brominated alkenyl alcohols, their use as a flame retardant in polyurethane and polyurethane foams, and polyurethanes containing the brominated alkenyl alcohols. Compositions, methods, and processes are disclosed. The brominated alkenyl alcohols used as flame retardants in polyurethanes can be generally described by Formula (I), the scope of which is disclosed herein.

Abstract: This invention provides polyurethane foams containing a brominated flame retardant. Also provided are formulations and methods for preparing polyurethane foams containing a brominated flame retardant.

Abstract: This invention provides polyurethane foams containing a brominated flame retardant. Also provided are formulations and methods for preparing polyurethane foams containing a brominated flame retardant.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for preparing a 4-alkylbenzaldehyde (para-alkylbenzaldehyde). An alkylbenzene, solvated in a solvent comprising at least one aliphatic solvent having in the range of 3 to 15 carbons, is reacted with carbon monoxide, in the presence of an aluminum halide and a hydrogen halide acid. Disproportionation is reduced and proportion of para-alkyl-benzaldehyde is increased with respect to other methods.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for minimizing or relieving a sustained casing pressure in an annulus of a wellbore, where the annulus contains a first fluid having a density. The method comprises introducing a second fluid into the annulus. The second fluid has a density greater than the density of the first fluid and the second fluid is immiscible with the first fluid. The method is characterized in that the second fluid comprises at least one halogen-containing organic compound. The halogen-containing organic compound has one or more halogen atoms selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine, with the proviso that at least one of the halogen atoms is chlorine, bromine, or iodine.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for preparing a 4-alkylbenzaldehyde (para-alkylbenzaldehyde). An alkylbenzene, solvated in a solvent comprising at least one aliphatic solvent having in the range of 3 to 15 carbons, is reacted with carbon monoxide, in the presence of an aluminum halide and a hydrogen halide acid. Disproportionation is reduced and proportion of para-alkyl-benzaldehyde is increased with respect to other methods.

Abstract: A manufacturing process for the preparation of bisphosphonic acids and in particular zoledronic acid is provided wherein diglyme, monoglyme, or a mixture thereof, is utilized to produce a homogenous, water soluble, solid reaction mass that upon cooling, dissolving in water and stripping results in a high purity product and comparatively good yield.

Abstract: Roflumilast and new key intermediates therefor are prepared by processes involving use of carbonylation technology. Good overall yields can be achieved using available starting materials. The starting material for the process can be catechol, an o-R1-phenol, an o-R1-p-X-phenol, or a 1-X-3-R1-4-R2-benzene, where R1, is a C1-6 alkoxy, C3-7 cycloalkoxy, C3-7 cycloalkylmethoxy, or benzyloxy group, or a C1-4 alkoxy group which is completely or partially substituted by fluorine; R2 is a C1-4 alkoxy group which is completely or partially substituted by fluorine; and X is Cl, Br, or I.

Abstract: An oral prophalaxis paste includes a preselected grade and amount of abrasive material such as pumice clay or diatimoceous earth. The abrasive material is moistened with water and a moisture retention agent such as glycerin is included. A curing system is employed, such as using sodium silicate and methyl salicylate. The formulation provides antimicrobial properties by the inclusion of triclosan.

Abstract: A mixture formed from an aromatic substituted alcohol and/or an aromatic substituted alkyl halide, and a copper-free palladium catalyst is carbonylated with carbon monoxide. Extremely high yields of the desired alpha-substituted carboxylic acid can be obtained in very short reaction periods by use of a palladium catalyst that is formed from a palladium compound with a valence of zero to two and a cycloalkyldiarylphosphine ligand, such as neomenthyldiphenylphosphine.

Abstract: A process of producing benzoic acids from phthalimides is described. The ability to dramatically reduce the reaction time in comparison to currently practiced processes by the addition of readily available compounds is demonstrated.

Abstract: Palladium-catalyzed arylation of an olefin (e.g., ethylene) with an aromatic halide (e.g., 2-bromo-6-methoxynaphthalene, m-bromobenzophenone, or 4-isobutyl-1-bromobenzene) is conducted in specified media. After a special acid or base phase separation procedure, palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of the olefinically-substituted aromatic intermediate is conducted in specified media using CO and water or an alcohol to form arylalkylcarboxylic acid or ester or substituted arylalkylcarboxylic acid or ester (e.g., racemic 2-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)propionic acid, 2-(3-benzoylphenyl)propionic acid, or 2-(4-isobutylphenyl)propionic acid). Catalyst recovery procedures enabling recycle of catalyst residues and efficient recovery of amine hydrogen halide scavenger and solvent used in the arylation reaction are described, as well as novel, highly efficient methods of conducting the carbonylation reaction.

Abstract: Arylolefinic compounds are prepared by reacting aryl halide with an olefinic compound in the presence of a polar liquid reaction medium containing (a) secondary or tertiary amine as a hydrogen halide acceptor (b) a catalyst system formed from (i) Pd or Pd(0) compound, and/or Pd(I) salt or Pd(II) salt, and (ii) a tertiary phosphine ligand, and (c) a reaction accelerating amount of water in the range of about 0.5 to about 5 weight percent of the total weight of the reaction mixture. The arylolefinic compounds can be converted to an arylcarboxylic acid by hydrocarboxylation with CO in a reaction medium freed of amine and containing water and a Pd catalyst system as above in which a copper component may be included, and which preferably includes an ether such as THF.

Abstract: A process for the purification of crude neomenthyldiphenylphosphine, the process comprising crystallizing the crude neomenthyldiphenylphosphine using a solvent consisting essentially of methanol. The process provides for the unexpectedly efficient production of neomenthyldiphenylphosphine having purities of at least 97 mole percent, and more preferably at least about 99 mole percent. Another embodiment of the invention is neomenthyldiphenylphosphine having a purity of at least 97 mole percent produced by crystallizing crude neomenthyldiphenylphosphine having a purity of less than 97 mole percent using a solvent consisting essentially of methanol.