Abstract: A spread spectrum clock generating system is provided. The digital frequency detecting unit is configured for receiving a reference signal and a feedback signal and for comparing the reference signal and the feedback signal to generate a frequency difference signal. The digital loop filtering unit is signally connected to the digital frequency detecting unit and outputs a clock controlling signal based on the frequency difference signal. The digital spread spectrum controlling unit is configured for receiving the reference signal to output a spread spectrum signal. The digital-analog converting unit is configured for converting the clock controlling signal to a first controlling signal and for converting the spread spectrum signal to a second controlling signal. The analog controlled oscillating unit is configured for receiving the first controlling signal and the second controlling signal to output a spread spectrum clock signal.

Abstract: A touch key control and icon display apparatus includes a first substrate, a light-emitting element, a second substrate, and a body portion. The light-emitting element is disposed adjacent to the first substrate. The second substrate includes a circuit layer configured to sense a touch. The body portion is disposed between the first and second substrates and includes a reflective surface that defines a chamber. The chamber is formed through the body portion and configured to receive the light-emitting element. The circuit layer includes an icon disposed adjacent to an opening of the chamber. A portion of light, from the light-emitting element, incident on the circuit layer can pass through the circuit layer, and another portion of the light can be reflected by the circuit layer.

Abstract: A transceiver includes a control module and a transceiving module. The control module is configured to generate a control signal in response to a signal from a micro-control unit. The transceiving module is integrated with the control module. The transceiving module is configured to, in response to the control signal, broadcast a first electrical signal to a bus and receive a second electrical signal from the bus.

Abstract: A transceiver includes a control module and a transceiving module. The control module is configured to generate a control signal in response to a signal from a micro-control unit. The transceiving module is integrated with the control module. The transceiving module is configured to, in response to the control signal, broadcast a first electrical signal to a bus and receive a second electrical signal from the bus.

Abstract: An electronic device comprises a control module, a transceiving module, a first isolator, and a second isolator. The control module is configured to generate a control signal in response to a signal from an MCU. The transceiving module comprises a transceiving unit, which further comprises a first switch and a second switch. The electronic device further comprises a first isolator and a second isolator. The first isolator is external to the transceiving unit and is coupled between the first switch and a bus. Moreover, the first isolator is configured to isolate a first spike current coming from the bus. The second isolator is external to the transceiving unit and is coupled between a terminal of the second switch and the bus. Moreover, the second isolator is configured to direct a second spike current coming from the bus to the ground.

Abstract: A touch key control and icon display apparatus comprises a first substrate, a light-emitting element, a second substrate, and a body portion. The light-emitting element is disposed adjacent to the first substrate. The second substrate comprises a circuit layer configured to sense a touch. The body portion is disposed between the first and second substrates and comprises a reflective surface that defines a chamber. The chamber is formed through the body portion and configured to receive the light-emitting element. The circuit layer comprises an icon disposed adjacent to an opening of the chamber. A portion of light, from the light-emitting element, incident on the circuit layer can pass through the circuit layer, and another portion of the light can be reflected by the circuit layer.

Abstract: An optical navigator sensor for sensing an image of an object comprises a substrate, a laser diode, an optical sensor device and a housing. The optical sensor device and the laser diode are fixed on the base plate and covered by the housing. The housing guides the light emitted from the laser diode to the object and guides the light reflected from the object to the optical sensor device.

Abstract: An optical navigator sensor for sensing an image of an object comprises a substrate, a laser diode, an optical sensor device and a housing. The optical sensor device and the laser diode are fixed on the base plate and covered by the housing. The housing guides the light emitted from the laser diode to the object and guides the light reflected from the object to the optical sensor device.

Abstract: A single-ended high-voltage level shifter for a TFT-LCD gate driver comprises a high-voltage power supply and a low-voltage power supply, a low-voltage NMOS transistor, a high-voltage NMOS transistor, and a high-voltage PMOS transistor. An input signal is applied at the gate of the low-voltage NMOS transistor. The source of the low-voltage NMOS transistor is connected to the low-voltage power supply. The source of the high-voltage NMOS transistor is connected to the drain of the low-voltage NMOS transistor. The high-voltage NMOS transistor has a first reference voltage applied at its gate. The level of the first reference voltage is between the input-signal level and the high-voltage power supply. The drain of the high-voltage PMOS transistor is connected to the drain of the high-voltage NMOS transistor. The source of the high-voltage PMOS transistor is connected to the high-voltage power supply. The high-voltage PMOS transistor has a second reference voltage applied at its gate.

Abstract: A single-ended high-voltage level shifter for a TFT-LCD gate driver comprises a high-voltage power supply and a low-voltage power supply, a low-voltage NMOS transistor, a high-voltage NMOS transistor, and a high-voltage PMOS transistor. An input signal is applied at the gate of the low-voltage NMOS transistor. The source of the low-voltage NMOS transistor is connected to the low-voltage power supply. The source of the high-voltage NMOS transistor is connected to the drain of the low-voltage NMOS transistor. The high-voltage NMOS transistor has a first reference voltage applied at its gate. The level of the first reference voltage is between the input-signal level and the high-voltage power supply. The drain of the high-voltage PMOS transistor is connected to the drain of the high-voltage NMOS transistor. The source of the high-voltage PMOS transistor is connected to the high-voltage power supply. The high-voltage PMOS transistor has a second reference voltage applied at its gate.

Abstract: An interpolating D/A converter architecture includes a reference voltage generator, a decoding switch network, a routing switch, and an interpolating buffer. The reference voltage generator generates a plurality of reference voltages. The decoding switch network is coupled to the reference voltage generator for selecting two reference voltages from the plurality of reference voltages in response to the plurality of high bits of digital video signals. The routing switch is coupled to the decoding switch network for selectively providing a first reference voltage and a second reference voltage in response to a plurality of low bits of the digital video signals. And the interpolating buffer is coupled to the routing switch for outputting an interpolated analog signal in response to the first reference voltage and the second reference voltage. Eventually, the present invention can save half the D/A reference lines and half the associated decoding switch rows, and thereby save the die cost.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a single-ended sense amplifier including an output circuit having an output terminal for indicating a state of a bitline node. In addition, a noise margin circuit; and an n-channel transistor are provided for coupling or decoupling an input terminal of the output circuit with the bitline node. The variable logic-threshold inverter has a larger logic threshold voltage in response to a lower voltage level of a precharge signal and a smaller logic-threshold voltage in response to a higher voltage level of the precharge signal. The difference between the two logic-threshold voltages represents the possible noise margin. Furthermore, a power down control circuit is provided to be coupled to the bitline node for reducing the static power consumption of the single-ended sense amplifier. The single-ended sense amplifier according to the present invention provides a higher and adjustable noise margin and occupies a smaller area on a semiconductor wafer.

Abstract: An analog-to-digital converter receives slow-varying analog voltages from a sensing device and converts the slow-varying analog voltages to digital signals. The sensing device generates a slow-varying analog voltage directly proportional to absolute temperature. The analog-to-digital converter includes a second counter which receives the pulse train from the second voltage controlled oscillator that counts the number of pulses which informs the first counter whenever the count value thereof reaches a fixed number and resets the count value thereof to zero. As the first counter is being informed by the second counter, its count value is read and then reset to zero. The read count represents a digital signal corresponding to the slow-varying analog voltages input.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a clock synthesizer IC which can produce clock signals with much lower radiated EMI.

Abstract: The present invention provides a security configuration of EEPROM, which is adaptable to a semiconductor integrated circuit. Each byte or minimum cell of the EEPROM is assigned a security bit which corresponds to the same memory cell of EEPROM in a data memory array. Since the security bit can be established inside the memory array, necessary chip area is not increased significantly.

Abstract: A driver circuit is to be used with an attachment unit interface in a network system and receives complementary data signals and an enable signal from constant current source and a differential transistor pair which includes a pair of differential transistors and a pair of load resistors. Each of the differential transistors has a gate terminal which receives one of the complementary data signals, a drain terminal which is connected to one of the load resistors, and a source terminal which is connected to the constant current source. A switch network is connected to the drain terminal of the differential transistors and is activated by the enable signal so as to generate a differential voltage output. Each of a pair of source followers has a gate terminal connected to the switch network and a source terminal The source followers receive the differential voltage output from the switch network.

Abstract: A system for testing integrated circuits is disclosed which uses a mechanical microprobe and the integrated circuit's CAD database. The system is integrated with the CAD database in such a manner that after an initial alignment operation between the CAD database and the integrated circuit being tested, the microprobe can be moved automatically to any spot on the circuit by choosing a point in the CAD database and placing a cursor on that spot. The microprobe is then automatically moved to the point so indicated. A contact sensing circuit allows the probe to be driven into the actual circuit to take measurements or inject test signals without fear of damaging the integrated circuit. The system can operate in numerous modes, each of which provide a different way of visualizing the circuit being tested.

Abstract: A technique for detecting whether electrical contact between a probe tip and a device under test ("DUT") has been established. A contact sensing circuit has a ground that is isolated from the ground of the DUT (and remaining portions of the test equipment) during contact sensing. The contact sensing circuit has elements that operate to apply a characteristic signal to one of the DUT terminals, such as its ground terminal. This causes virtually all the DUT circuit traces to track the applied signal (relative to the contact sensing ground). The contact sensing circuit further includes elements, coupled to the probe, that operate to detect the presence of the characteristic signal (relative to the contact sensing ground) on the probe. Once electrical contact has been established, the characteristic signal output is disconnected from the DUT, the test equipment ground is connected to the contact sensing circuit ground, and the probe output is coupled to the relevant portions of the test equipment circuitry.

Abstract: Disclosed is a digital signal translation circuit for translating a first type signal to a second type signal which comprises a master latch and a slave latch. The master latch latches the incoming first type signal during a first portion of the clock signal. A slave latch latches the master latch output and generates a differential output. The differential output of the slave drives an output driver circuit which generates the second type signal.

Abstract: A bandgap reference voltage generator includes compensation circuitry that renders the performance of the bandgap reference voltage generator independent of the static value of the supply voltage, V.sub.CC by providing a constant current through the self-regulating loop in the generator. The compensation circuitry effectively provides compensating terms for each V.sub.CC -dependent term in the network equation that describes the operation of the bandgap reference voltage generator. In a preferred embodiment, the compensating terms also serve to make the operation of the bandgap voltage generator independent of temperature.