Abstract: A tire vulcanization mold in which a surface roughness in the groove molding portion of the tread molding surface is made smaller than a surface roughness in the land portion molding portion, in which a surface roughness in the groove molding portion is minimized to 0.12 ?m or less in a range including at least a main groove molding portion, and in which a surface roughness in the land portion molding portion is made to be 3.2 ?m or more, is used to manufacture a tire, and when cleaning the tread molding surface, the tread molding surface is irradiated with a laser beam to remove contaminant adhered to the tread molding surface.

Abstract: An upstream integrated value is an integrated value of a difference obtained by subtracting an upstream gas temperature at a starting point in time of integration from the upstream gas temperature after starting of the internal combustion engine. A downstream integrated value is an integrated value of a difference obtained by subtracting a downstream gas temperature at the starting point in time of the integration from the downstream gas temperature after the starting of the internal combustion engine. An anomaly diagnosing process obtains an anomaly determination result indicating that the exhaust purification device is in a removed state when a deviation between the upstream integrated value and the downstream integrated value is smaller than a reference level. The determination threshold is higher than a dew point.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide an oil thickener which has high viscosity increasing effect on an oily ingredient such as silicone oil, a non-polar organic compound, a low-polarity organic compound or the like and which has good handlability [Means to Solve the Problem] Surface-hydrophobized cellulose nanofibers for an oil thickener which are cellulose nanofibers having an average thickness of 3 to 200 nm and an average length of 0.1 ?m or larger, and a 1 wt. % aqueous dispersion of which has a viscosity of 700 to 2100 mPa·s, and hydroxyl groups in cellobiose units of which are substituted by vinyl esters and/or organic acid vinyl esters in a substitution degree of 0.2 to 0.8.