Abstract: An arithmetic block generates sum signal DVad and difference signal DVsu between the frames of image signals for every two frames from input image signal DVin. A bit rate proportion control block generates control signals CRad, CRsu for controlling the encoding bit rate proportion of the sum signal and the difference signal based on the sum signal DVad and the difference signal Dvsu. An encoding block generates encoded signal DTad with the encoding bit rate based on control signal CRad from the sum signal DVad using encoding process wherein the encoding bit rate can be altered on the basis of the control signals CRad. An encoding block also generates encoded signal DTsu with the encoding bit rate based on control signal CRsu from the difference signal DVsu.

Abstract: 139 sync blocks, each having 111 bytes, are disposed on each track of a magnetic tape. Among the 139 sync blocks, 121 sync blocks each consist of a two-byte detection pattern for detecting the sync block, three-byte identification information for identifying the sync block, 96-byte main data, and 10-byte inner error correcting code added to the identification information and the main data. In the remaining 18 sync blocks, instead of the main data, 96-byte outer error correcting code is included. The outer error correcting code is provided for each group of the 139 sync blocks. Such a group of 139 sync blocks is obtained by dividing 2224 sync blocks contained in sixteen tracks by sixteen planes, 1668 sync blocks contained in twelve tracks by twelve planes, or 1112 sync blocks contained in eight tracks by eight planes. The sync blocks are arranged on the magnetic tape so that the distance between the sync blocks belonging to the identical plane is constant among the planes.

Abstract: Audio signals and video signals are recorded as follows. Three video PES packets, each being formed of one video frame, are combined to form a video editing unit. Then, the video editing unit and the associated audio editing unit are alternately disposed on a magnetic tape. The recorded PES packets are output as a TS as follows. A STC is initialized, and then, PSI packets of a PAT and a PMT are output. TS packets specially used for a PCR for storing the STC are then output at certain intervals. Subsequently, video PES packets are converted into TSs, and the output of the video TSs is started while synchronizing a time obtained by subtracting vbv_delay from the first I-picture DTS with the STC. Audio PES packets are converted into TSs, and the output of the audio TSs is started while synchronizing a time obtained by subtracting the start up delay from the first frame with the STC. Data streams are recorded in the following manner.

Abstract: A magnetic-tape recording apparatus records digital data on a magnetic tape by a rotating head. It includes a first obtaining device for obtaining predetermined-unit video data; a second obtaining device for obtaining audio data corresponding to the predetermined-unit video data; a synthesizing device for synthesizing the predetermined-unit video data and the audio data corresponding to the predetermined-unit video data such that they are continuous on a track in the magnetic tape without any space disposed therebetween; and a sending device for sending data synthesized by the synthesizing device to the rotating head in order to record the data on the magnetic tape.

Abstract: A picture signal encoding apparatus and a picture signal decoding apparatus are disclosed. The picture signal encoding apparatus includes: first compression coding device for converting and compression-coding basic picture signals having a sampling frequency ratio of a luminance signal and two color-difference signals of 4:2:2 to have a sampling frequency ratio of the luminance signal and the two color-difference signals of 4:1:1 or 4:2:0 so as to generate first compressed data; encoding residual extracting device for extracting an encoding residual between the basic picture signals and the compressed data; and second compression coding device for compression-coding the extracted encoding residual so as to generate second compressed data.

Abstract: In an apparatus for judging a hand movement of an image, pixels where absolute values of differences between image data of respective pixels of blocks of a current frame and image data of representative point pixels of blocks of an earlier frame read out from a representative point memory satisfy a predetermined condition are judged by a condition judgment circuit to form a frequency distribution table corresponding to the judged result by a frequency distribution table formation circuit to calculate, on the basis of the frequency distribution table, the number of coordinates having a frequency value greater than a predetermined value in the vicinity of a coordinate designated by a motion vector of an image to judge the motion vector to result from a hand movement when the calculated value is less than a predetermined value.