Abstract: An ejector includes a high-pressure passage, a low-pressure passage, and a connection passage. The high-pressure passage includes an upstream end and a downstream end. The upstream end is configured to be connected to a passage through which a high-pressure gas flows. The low-pressure passage is connected to the downstream end of the high-pressure passage. The connection passage is connected to a junction of the high-pressure passage and the low-pressure passage. The high-pressure passage is bent at one or more locations between the upstream end and the downstream end.

Abstract: A dispersion plate that can be arranged on an upstream side of an oxygen concentration sensor in an exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine, the oxygen concentration sensor being arranged in the exhaust pipe, is provided. The dispersion plate is configured to disperse an exhaust flow in the exhaust pipe. The dispersion plate includes a first plate and a second plate. The first plate includes a deflection plate that extends in an inclined direction and a twisted direction with respect to an extending direction of the exhaust pipe. The second plate extends in a direction orthogonal to the extending direction of the exhaust pipe. The second plate includes a through hole. The second plate is arranged on an outer circumferential side of the first plate in the exhaust pipe.

Abstract: A dispersion plate that can be arranged on an upstream side of an oxygen concentration sensor in an exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine, the oxygen concentration sensor being arranged in the exhaust pipe, is provided. The dispersion plate is configured to disperse an exhaust flow in the exhaust pipe. The dispersion plate includes a first plate and a second plate. The first plate includes a deflection plate that extends in an inclined direction and a twisted direction with respect to an extending direction of the exhaust pipe. The second plate extends in a direction orthogonal to the extending direction of the exhaust pipe. The second plate includes a through hole. The second plate is arranged on an outer circumferential side of the first plate in the exhaust pipe.

Abstract: In an exhaust gas-cooling pipe element provided between an exhaust port of an internal combustion engine and an exhaust branch pipe, a center axis of an exhaust introduction opening that is connected to the exhaust port and a center axis of an exhaust discharge opening that is connected to the exhaust branch pipe are placed out of alignment with each other.

Abstract: An exhaust gas cooling adapter arranged between an exhaust port opening to a cylinder head of an engine and an exhaust manifold is equipped with an exhaust gas flow channel which is provided inside the exhaust gas cooling adapter and through which an exhaust gas from the exhaust port flows to the exhaust manifold, and a cooling liquid flow channel which is formed in a wall portion of the exhaust gas cooling adapter that surrounds the exhaust gas flow channel to cool the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust gas flow channel. The wall portion has a blockage portion formed by blocking a through-hole provided between an outside and the cooling liquid flow channel. This blockage portion has a region located in the cooling liquid flow channel and arranged at a position other than a collision position of a cooling liquid flowing through the cooling liquid flow channel.

Abstract: In an exhaust gas-cooling pipe element provided between an exhaust port of an internal combustion engine and an exhaust branch pipe, a center axis of an exhaust introduction opening that is connected to the exhaust port and a center axis of an exhaust discharge opening that is connected to the exhaust branch pipe are placed out of alignment with each other.