Abstract: On the peripheral edge of a front side substrate of an FED, a rectangular frame shaped sealing surface is formed for sealing a sidewall. On the sealing surface, an indium layer is formed through a base layer. At the four corners of the indium layer, an electrode for applying an electric current is connected. The indium layer is formed to have a width gradually decreasing from substantially the center of each side of the sealing surface to adjacent corners.

Abstract: A vacuum envelope of an image display apparatus includes a front substrate and rear substrate opposing each other with a gap defined therebetween, and a frame provided between peripheral edges of the front substrate and rear substrate and attached in a sealed state to the front and rear substrates by a sealing material. The frame is formed by bonding a plurality of frame members, and includes at least two joints.

Abstract: Indium is applied to a sealing surface by moving an application head along a tubular sealing surface between a rear side substrate and a front side substrate of an FED. In this time, the phase of an aperture of the application head is changed by rotating the aperture, and the width is changed to apply indium. The width controlled to apply indium, so that the width of indium applied at a corner of the sealing surface becomes narrower than that at the center of a side.

Abstract: A first substrate and a second substrate located opposite each other with a gap therebetween are sealed at a predetermined position by a sealing portion and which seals the front and rear substrates in a given position and defines a sealed space between the front and rear substrates. The sealing portion has a ground layer formed on an inner surface of at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate, and a sealing layer made of an electrically conductive sealant and formed on the ground layer, the ground layer having a thickness of 5 to 22 ?m.

Abstract: An envelope of an image display device has a front substrate and a rear substrate opposed to the front substrate, and respective peripheral edge portions of the front substrate and the rear substrate are sealed together with a sealing layer which contains an electrically conductive sealing material. An electrode for energizing the sealing layer is attached to the envelope. The electrode is formed of an electrically conductive member, is in electrical contact with the sealing layer, and has a conduction portion exposed to the outside.