Abstract: A matrix driving method for liquid crystal display having liquid crystal which exhibits cholesteric phase and capability of keeping image displayed after turn-off of electric field applied by using scan electrodes and data electrodes arranged to face and cross each other with the liquid crystal in between, includes applying reset pulse to reset liquid crystal to homeotropic state, selecting final state of liquid crystal, and stabilizing liquid crystal to selected state. The selection step includes, in order named, a first time of applying substantially 0 volt to liquid crystal, a second time of applying selection pulse to select final state of liquid crystal, and a third time of applying substantially 0 volt to liquid crystal. In first or second time, a compensation pulse may be applied to liquid crystal in form determined depending on temperature or so that a plurality of liquid crystal layers will have same scanning speed.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus which carries out matrix driving of liquid crystal by applying voltages to a plurality of scan electrodes and a plurality of data electrodes which face and cross each other with the liquid crystal in-between. The drive of the liquid crystal to make a display is controlled by a control circuit which controls a scan electrode driving circuit for driving the scan electrodes and a data electrode driving circuit for driving the data electrodes. The scan electrode driving circuit encodes and decodes a clock signal outputted from the control circuit so as to apply a stream of pulses to each of the scan electrodes at specified timings.

Abstract: A method for driving an optical write device, in which a time for formation of a pixel is divided into a plurality of periods, and tone level control based on multi-tone image, data is performed in each of the periods. For example, the time for formation of a pixel is divided by applying a train of pulses with widths weighted in the ratio of 4:2.1, and in each duration of the pulses, a clock signal for 64 tone levels is given.

Abstract: In a light shutter device in which multiple light shutter elements are located on a substrate made of PLZT, and the ON/OFF control of light is carried out by having an electrical field operate on each light shutter element from a pair of electrodes, the cross-talk phenomenon occurs among adjacent elements on the PLZT substrate, i.e., the elements (13c), (13e) and (13g). In order to effectively prevent such cross-talk, driving is carried out such that an electrical field does not operate on such elements simultaneously as a practical matter. In other words, the one line cycle is divided into periods (a) and (b), and the element (13e) is turned ON during the period (a) while the other elements (13c) and (13g) are turned ON during the period (b). Through this operation, a light shutter device in which each element has a stable amount of pass-through light may be obtained.

Abstract: A driver for driving a liquid crystal display by a matrix method. The driver drives the liquid crystal display by applying pulses to a plurality of scanning electrodes and a plurality of signal electrodes which cross each other substantially perpendicularly and face each other. A circuit for driving the scanning electrodes has, in addition to a shift register, a phase latch, a decoder and an analog switch, another shift register and a mask latch. The mask latch controls whether or not to output a driving pulse to each scanning electrode so that the frequency of transmission clock during writing on part of the screen will not be higher.

Abstract: A light shutter device which has a plurality of light transmitting portions (light shutter elements) on a planar PLZT substrate. By applying voltages between a common electrode and individual electrodes to apply electric fields to the light shutter elements, the light shutter elements transmit and shut light individually. Suppose each of the individual electrodes faces the common electrode at a distance L and has a dimension W in a direction perpendicular to the direction of electric field, W/L>2. Suppose each of the individual electrodes has a dimension D in the direction of electric field, preferably D/L>0.5. Further, the individual electrodes are so placed that the distance between a side of one light shutter element which extends in a direction perpendicular to the direction of electric field and each of the individual electrodes which drive the other light shutter elements is not less than 5L.

Abstract: A light shutter device which, on a planar PLZT substrate, has a plurality of light transmitting portions (light shutter elements) which are disposed in two groups separated by a common electrode, and individual electrodes provided for the respective elements. Adjacent light shutter elements in each of the groups are arranged in mutually different lines so as to inhibit crosstalk.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus which has a liquid crystal display and a controller. The liquid crystal display has a plurality of rectangular pixels arranged in a matrix, a plurality of scanning electrodes extending in the direction parallel to the longer sides of the rectangular pixels, a plurality of signal electrodes extending in the direction orthogonal to the longer sides of the rectangular pixels. The controller is to drive the scanning electrodes and the signal electrodes. An image is written on the liquid crystal display by using a driving pulse for carrying out writing after resetting the liquid crystal and by carrying out interlace scanning with one frame divided into a plurality of fields. The pixel pitch in the vertical direction is 1/n (for example, 1/1.5) of the pixel pitch in the horizontal direction. If the pixel pitch in the vertical direction is 1/1.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device which carries out matrix driving of a liquid crystal layer by applying AC pulses to the liquid crystal layer through a plurality of scan electrodes and a plurality of data electrodes which face and cross each other. A method of driving such a liquid crystal display comprises a reset step of applying a reset pulse to liquid crystal to reset the liquid crystal to an initial state, a selection step of applying a selection pulse to the liquid crystal to select a final state of the liquid crystal, an evolution step of applying an evolution pulse to the liquid crystal to cause the liquid crystal to evolve to the selected final state. The reset pulse and the evolution pulse have alternating cycles which are longer than that of the selection pulse, and the adjustment of the alternating cycles of the reset pulse and of the evolution pulse are made by changing the pulse waveform applied to each of the scan electrodes.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optical writing device comprising a plurality of writing light shutter elements and at least one of monitoring light shutter element. Both the writing and monitoring light shutter elements are driven by being alternatively impressed a forward electric field and a reverse electric field with a predetermined impression ratio of the forward and reverse electric fields during optical writing operation. After the optical writing operation, the monitoring light shutter element is driven by being impressed the forward electric field with varying the amount of the electric field, whereby a half-wavelength voltage of the monitoring light shutter element is determined. For the next optical writing operation, the impression ratio is updated based on the determined half-wavelength voltage.

Abstract: In a light shutter device in which multiple light shutter elements are located on a substrate made of PLZT, and the ON/OFF control of light is carried out by having an electrical field operate on each light shutter element from a pair of electrodes, the cross-talk phenomenon occurs among adjacent elements on the PLZT substrate, i.e., the elements 13c, 13e and 13g. In order to effectively prevent such cross-talk, driving is carried out such that an electrical field does not operate on such elements simultaneously as a practical matter. In other words, the one line cycle is divided into periods (a) and (b), and the element 13e is turned ON during the period (a) while the other elements 13c and 13g are turned ON during the period (b). Through this operation, a light shutter device in which each element has a stable amount of pass-through light may be obtained.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal display apparatus comprising: a liquid crystal display element having a plurality of liquid crystal layers each having a plurality of display units that are arranged in a matrix fashion and are defined by intersections of a plurality of scanning line electrodes and a plurality of data line electrodes, said liquid crystal layers being stacked each other such that said scanning line electrodes and said data line electrodes of any one of said liquid crystal layers match said scanning line electrodes and said data line electrodes of the other ones of said liquid crystal layers whereby a plurality pixels are formed by the display units of each liquid crystal layer that overlap with each other; and a controller for, when an image is drawn in said liquid crystal display element, selecting at least one of the matching scanning line electrodes of said liquid crystal layers at a different timing than that used for the other matching scanning line electrodes, such that the all of the matchi

Abstract: A matrix driving method for a liquid crystal display which has liquid crystal which exhibits a cholesteric phase and is capable of keeping an image displayed thereon after turn-off of an electric field applied thereto by using a plurality of scan electrodes and a plurality of data electrodes which are arranged to face and cross each other with the liquid crystal in-between. The method has a reset step of applying a reset pulse to reset the liquid crystal to a homeotropic state, a selection step of selecting the final state of the liquid crystal, and an evolution step of stabilizing the liquid crystal to the selected state. The selection step has a first step including a time of applying substantially 0 volt to the liquid crystal, a second step of applying a selection pulse to select the final state of the liquid crystal and a third step, after the second step, including a time of applying substantially 0 volt to the liquid crystal.

Abstract: A light shutter device which has a plurality of light transmitting portions (light shutter elements) on a planar PLZT substrate. By applying voltages between a common electrode and individual electrodes to apply electric fields to the light shutter elements, the light shutter elements transmit and shut light individually. Suppose each of the individual electrodes faces the common electrode at a distance L and has a dimension W in a direction perpendicular to the direction of electric field, W/L>2. Suppose each of the individual electrodes has a dimension D in the direction of electric field, preferably D/L> 0.5. Further, the individual electrodes are so placed that the distance between a side of one light shutter element which extends in a direction perpendicular to the direction of electric field and each of the individual electrodes which drive the other light shutter elements is not less than 5L.

Abstract: A method for measuring the quantity of light emitted from an optical write head which drives an array of light shutter elements extending in a main scanning direction individually in accordance with image data. In order to measure the quantity of light outputted from each of the light shutter elements, a photosensor is moved in the main scanning direction at a constant speed while the light shutter elements are driven in such a way that adjacent elements are not driven at a time. While light shutter elements which are in odd numbers in the array are driven, the photosensor is moved forward to measure the quantities of light outputted therefrom, and while light shutter elements which are in even numbers in the array are driven, the photosensor is moved backward to measure the quantities of light outputted therefrom.

Abstract: A PLZT optical shutter array includes an optical shutter array, a driving circuit, a temperature compensating circuit, an IC control unit, a driving IC and a temperature sensor. Temperature of the optical shutter array is detected by the temperature sensor, and based on a voltage representing the temperature and a reference voltage for driving optical shutter element, a driving voltage for the optical shutter element is generated in the temperature compensating circuit. The driving voltage is applied to the optical shutter element through the IC control unit and a driving IC. As a result, a voltage applying apparatus for a light signal emitter which has a simple structure and allows cost reduction is provided.

Abstract: An optical shutter device wherein a light emitted from a light source is allowed to be incident to a polarization shutter chip through a fiber array and then the light is caused to pass through the chip by turning on a voltage to be applied to electrodes connected to transmittable portions corresponding to pixels, so that a receptor surface is lighted through an imaging lens array. Light which is incident to the polarization shutter chip at an angle .theta..sub.0 is reflected from electrode vertical surfaces, and then the light outgoes from the transmittable portions in the form of leakage light. However, the aperture angle of a lens unit of the imaging lens array is set smaller than the incident angle .theta..sub.0, and thus the light (which were incident) at the angle .theta..sub.0 (leakage light) is not focused on the receptor surface by the lens unit.

Abstract: In a display device in which one dimensional light emitted from a light emitting element driven by an image signal generating device is scanned by moving a reflecting member so as to provide a two-dimensional image to an observer utilizing after image phenomenon, in order to prevent variation in an amplitude or variation of the center of vibration of the reflecting member which may cause image deviation, angle of displacement of the reflection member is detected by a detector, a position signal from the detector is compared with a reference signal and based on the result of comparison, the image signal generating device is controlled.

Abstract: In a display device in which one dimensional light emitted from a light emitting element driven by an image signal generating device is scanned by moving a reflecting member so as to provide a two-dimensional image to an observer utilizing after image phenomenon, in order to prevent variation in an amplitude or variation of the center of vibration of the reflecting member which may cause image deviation, angle of displacement of the reflection member is detected by a detector, a position signal from the detector is compared with a reference signal and based on the result of comparison, the image signal generating device is controlled.

Abstract: A light shutter array to be employed in an optical head for a color display, a color printer or the like. The light shutter array has at least three lines of shutter elements which are made of a material having an electrooptic effect. In tile lines, shutter elements which have conductor-filmed windows and shutter elements which have bare windows are staggered. The shutter elements with bare windows function as light shutters, and the shutter elements with conductor-filmed windows function as electrodes. The shutter elements with bare windows in each line are driven in accordance with red, green or blue image data.