Abstract: A survival method for a foreign microorganism, which comprises the steps of disturbing the equilibrium state of an ecosystem in which plural kinds of microorganisms coexist, to temporarily bring the ecosystem into a non-equilibrium state, and then introducing a foreign microorganism into the ecosystem. There are three states of equilibrium involved of which comprise a first state wherein the ecosystem is in equilibrium, a second state wherein the ecosystem is converted to a state which is not in equilibrium, and a third state wherein the ecosystem is converted to a new state of equilibrium to provide for an ecological niche for survival of an introduced foreign microorganism in the ecosystem. The foreign microorganism is also used in a method for remedying an environment contaminated with a pollutant.

Abstract: An eliminator for eliminating microorganisms which catch and eat pollutant-degrading microorganisms from a region to be decontaminated in a soil is applied to the region to protect the pollutant-degrading microorganisms from being eaten, whereby a soil remediation effect can be enhanced.

Abstract: A method for forming a proteoliposome comprises incorporating into a liposome a membrane protein combined with a carrier. Further, a method for preparing a giant proteoliposome, comprises freezing and thawing an alkali metal salt solution containing a membrane protein and a lipid, and subsequently dialyzing against a second salt solution or a buffer solution having a lower osmotic pressure than that of said alkali metal salt solution. Further, a method for forming a proteoliposome, comprises by freezing and thawing an alkali metal salt solution containing a membrane protein combined with a carrier and a lipid.

Abstract: A method of forming a lipid planar membrane of a bilayer membrane composed of lipid and protein comprises the step of immersing a substrate, which has a long-chain hydrocarbon group at least on the surface of one side thereof, in a suspension of liposome or proteoliposome, respectively. The long-chain hydrocarbon group is introduced into the substrate by bonding a long-chain alkylsilane coupling agent or a long-chain alkyltitanate coupling agent.

Abstract: A method for forming a proteoliposome comprises incorporating into a liposome a membrane protein combined with a carrier. Further, a method for preparing a giant proteoliposome, comprises freezing and thawing an alkali metal salt solution containing a membrane protein and a lipid, and subsequently dialyzing against a second salt solution or a buffer solution having a lower osmotic pressure than that of said alkali metal salt solution. Further, a method for forming a proteoliposome, comprises freezing and thawing an alkali metal salt solution containing a membrane protein combined with a carrier and a lipid.

Abstract: An ion permeable membrane, comprising two or more groups of substances having different sensitive wavelength regions in a lipid membrane, is provided.