Abstract: Refractories obtained by molding a refractory raw material composition containing a refractory raw material including graphite grains having an average grain size of 500 nm or less or a refractory raw material including graphite grains obtained by graphitizing carbon black and a refractory filler. Or refractories containing carbonaceous grains (A) selected from carbon black or graphite grains obtained by graphitizing carbon black and having a DBP absorption (x) of 80 ml/100 g or more, carbonaceous grains (B) selected from carbon black and graphite grains obtained by graphitizing carbon black and having a DBP absorption (x) of less than 80 ml/100 g, and a refractory filler. Refractories excellent in corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance and thermal shock resistance, especially carbon-contained refractories having a low carbon content are thereby provided.

Abstract: A process for producing graphite grains, characterized by graphitizing carbon black by induction heating. A process in which at least one element selected from metals, boron and silicon is contained in graphite grains is preferable. Refractories obtained by molding a composition containing a refractory filler and the graphite grains produced by the foregoing process are excellent in thermal shock resistance, oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance. Consequently, a process for producing graphite grains in which the graphitization of carbon black that requires quite a high temperature in an ordinary heating method can easily proceed is provided. Further, refractories excellent in thermal shock resistance, oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance and having a low carbon content are provided.

Abstract: Refractories obtained by molding a refractory raw material composition containing a refractory raw material including graphite grains having an average grain size of 500 nm or less or a refractory raw material including graphite grains obtained by graphitizing carbon black and a refractory filler. Or refractories containing carbonaceous grains (A) selected from carbon black or graphite grains obtained by graphitizing carbon black and having a DBP absorption (x) of 80 ml/100 g or more, carbonaceous grains (B) selected from carbon black and graphite grains obtained by graphitizing carbon black and having a DBP absorption (x) of less than 80 ml/100 g, and a refractory filler. Refractories excellent in corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance and thermal shock resistance, especially carbon-contained refractories having a low carbon content are thereby provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a refractory erial having numerous through pores in a certain direction. The refractory material is manufactured by covering a woven fabric composed of combustible weft and/or warp threads with a slurry of a refractory material, and then drying and baking the coated fabric to burn out the combustible yarns so that the desired through pores may be obtained in directions corresponding to the direction of the burned out weft and warp threads.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for repairing lining which comprises transmitting microwaves modulated by an antenna inserted into the vessel to the surface of the heated refractory lining in the refractory lined vessel, detecting the reflected waves, detecting the difference between the reference surface of the refractory lining and the damaged surface from the phase difference of the microwaves, controlling the transfer of the refractory gunning nozzle inserted into the vessel with the use of the deviation signal, and making the lining repair in the hot atmosphere.