Abstract: To provide a method for the production of a hydroxycarboxylic acid derivative, by which a hydroxycarboxylic acid derivative, which can be reused in various applications, can be obtained from a polyamide at a high yield without consuming a large amount of energy. A method for the production of a hydroxycarboxylic acid derivative, which is characterized by including allowing an alcohol in a supercritical state to act on a polyamide in the presence of a carboxylic acid derivative to depolymerize the polyamide to obtain the hydroxycarboxylic acid derivative.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing an alcohol compound, which enables the alcohol compound to be obtained at a high yield from an amide compound or amine compound. The method for producing an alcohol compound, which is characterized by comprising allowing an alcohol in a supercritical state to act on the amide compound or amine compound in the presence of a carboxylic acid derivative to obtain the alcohol compound.

Abstract: A method for producing a high purity, high quality amide compound, particularly a lactam. An amount of each of a halide, an aldehyde compound, an alcohol compound and a nitrile compound contained in a solution recycled into an oxime-forming step is controlled to an amount of 0.4 mol% or less based on the ketone as a starting material. One or more of a ketone, an oxime and an amide compound are purified by hydrogenation and/or crystallization for eliminating impurities containing a double bond. A content of impurities having a cyclic bridge structure is controlled using a cycloalkanone purified by recrystallization.

Abstract: There is provided a novel polyamide particles having an approximately spherical outer shape, which are spongy particles having through-holes in an outer surface part and closed voids in an inside part. The polyamide particles can be produced by dissolving a polyamide in a cyclic amide with heating to obtain a homogeneous solution and then cooling the solution.

Abstract: A method for producing a high purity, high quality amide compound, particularly a lactam. An amount of each of a halide, an aldehyde compound, an alcohol compound and a nitrile compound contained in a solution recycled into an oxime-forming step is controlled to an amount of 0.4 mol % or less based on the ketone as a starting material. One or more of a ketone, an oxime and an amide compound are purified by hydrogenation and/or crystallization for eliminating impurities containing a double bond. A content of impurities having a cyclic bridge structure is controlled using a cycloalkanone purified by recrystallization.

Abstract: A method for producing a high purity, high quality amide compound, particularly a lactam. An amount of each of a halide, an aldehyde compound, an alcohol compound and a nitrile compound contained in a solution recycled into an oxime-forming step is controlled to an amount of 0.4 mol % or less based on the ketone as a starting material. One or more of a ketone, an oxime and an amide compound are purified by hydrogenation and/or crystallization for eliminating impurities containing a double bond. A content of impurities having a cyclic bridge structure is controlled using a cycloalkanone purified by recrystallization.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel cyclododecanone-O-azacyclotridecen-2-yloxime and cyclododecanone-O-azacyclotridecen-2-yloxime hydrochloride. The invention also provides a process for producing an amide compound wherein cyclododecanone-O-azacyclotridecen-2-yloxime, hydrogen chloride and/or Lewis acid or cyclododecanone-O-azacyclotridecen-2-yloxime hydrochloride are used as a rearrangement catalyst and/or a reaction starting material in a reaction step.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing an amide compound by Beckmann rearrangement of an oxime compound using a compound having at least two electron-withdrawing leaving groups as a rearrangement catalyst, the process comprising a pre-preparation step in which the rearrangement catalyst and at least a part of the oxime compound are mixed and reacted; and a rearrangement reaction step in which the oxime compound is rearranged at a temperature higher than that in the pre-preparation step.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel cyclododecanone-O-azacyclotridecen-2-yloxime and cyclododecanone-O-azacyclotridecen-2-yloxime hydrochloride. The invention also provides a process for producing an amide compound wherein cyclododecanone-O-azacyclotridecen-2-yloxime, hydrogen chloride and/or Lewis acid or cyclododecanone-O-azacyclotridecen-2-yloxime hydrochloride are used as a rearrangement catalyst and/or a reaction starting material in a reaction step.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a high purity, high quality amide compound, particularly, lactam. A first embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that an amount of each of a halide, an aldehyde compound, an alcohol compound and a nitrile compound contained in a solution recycled into an oxime-forming step is controlled to an amount of 0.4 mol % or less based on the ketone as a starting material. A second embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of a ketone, an oxime and an amide compound are purified by hydrogenation and/or crystallization for eliminating impurities containing a double bond. A third embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that a content of impurities having a cyclic bridge structure is controlled by using a cycloalkanone purified by recrystallization.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing an alcohol compound, which enables the alcohol compound to be obtained at a high yield from an amide compound or amine compound. The method for producing an alcohol compound, which is characterized by comprising allowing an alcohol in a supercritical state to act on the amide compound or amine compound in the presence of a carboxylic acid derivative to obtain the alcohol compound.

Abstract: To provide a method for the production of a hydroxycarboxylic acid derivative, by which a hydroxycarboxylic acid derivative, which can be reused in various applications, can be obtained from a polyamide at a high yield without consuming a large amount of energy. A method for the production of a hydroxycarboxylic acid derivative, which is characterized by including allowing an alcohol in a supercritical state to act on a polyamide in the presence of a carboxylic acid derivative to depolymerize the polyamide to obtain the hydroxycarboxylic acid derivative.

Abstract: There is provided a novel polyamide particles having an approximately spherical outer shape, which are spongy particles having through holes in an outer surface part and closed voids in an inside part. The polyamide particles can be produced by dissolving a polyamide in a cyclic amide with heating to obtain a homogeneous solution and then cooling the solution.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing an amide compound by Beckmann rearrangement of an oxime compound using a compound having at least two electron-withdrawing leaving groups as a rearrangement catalyst, the process comprising a pre-preparation step in which the rearrangement catalyst and at least a part of the oxime compound are mixed and reacted; and a rearrangement reaction step in which the oxime compound is rearranged at a temperature higher than that in the pre-preparation step.

Abstract: A process for producing a 6-hydroxycarpoic ester and a process for producing a trialkylamine in both of which nylon-6, ?-caprolactam, which is a monomer therefor, etc. are used as a raw material. The processes are intended to make nylon-6 wastes reusable in various applications without consuming a large quantity of energy. The process for producing a 6-hydroxycarpoic ester and process for producing a trialkylamine are characterized by reacting amide compounds basically comprising ?-caprolactam with an alcohol in a supercritical state to obtain a 6-hydroxycarpoic ester and a trialkylamine.

Abstract: After 1,5,9-cyclododecatriene is epoxidized with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalyst containing a tungsten compound, a quaternary onium salt and a mineral acid, to obtain a liquid reaction mixture containing the resultant 1,2-epoxy-5,9-cyclododecadiene, the catalyst, non-reacted hydrogen peroxide and non-reacted 1,5,9-cyclododecatriene and being phase-separated into an oil phase fraction and an aqueous phase fraction, at least the oil phase fraction of the liquid reaction mixture is treated with an aqueous alkali solution to deactivate and remove the non-reacted hydrogen peroxide and the catalyst contained in at least the oil phase fraction.

Abstract: After 1,5,9-cyclododecatriene is epoxidized with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalyst containing a tungsten compound, a quaternary onium salt and a mineral acid, to obtain a liquid reaction mixture containing the resultant 1,2-epoxy-5,9-cyclododecadiene, the catalyst, non-reacted hydrogen peroxide and non-reacted 1,5,9-cyclododecatriene and being phase-separated into an oil phase fraction and an aqueous phase fraction, at least the oil phase fraction of the liquid reaction mixture is treated with an aqueous alkali solution to deactivate and remove the non-reacted hydrogen peroxide and the catalyst contained in at least the oil phase fraction.

Abstract: A dehydration catalyst useful for producing a monoalkylether of dihydric phenolic compound by a dehydration reaction of a dihydric phenolic compound with a lower alkyl alcohol with a high conversion at a high selectivity, comprises at least one inorganic substance of the empirical formula (I):Al.sub.a P.sub.b Ti.sub.c Si.sub.d X.sub.e O.sub.f (I)wherein X represents a member selected from the group consisting of (1) an antimony and/or a bismuth atom, and (2) a sulfur atom, a, b, c, d, e and f respectively represent the numbers of Al, P, Ti, Si, X and 0 atoms, the atomic ratio a:b is 1:1.0 to 1.9, the atomic ratio a:c is 1:0.05 to 0.5, the atomic ratio a:d is 1:0.05 to 0.2, the atomic ratio a:e is 1:0.01 to 0.3 when X represents antimony and/or bismuth atom and 1:0.004 to 0.015 when X represents a sulfur atom, and the atomic ratio a:f is 1:4.1 to 8.4.

Abstract: A Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system superconducting thin film formed on a substrate comprising [110] single crystals of an ABO.sub.3 type oxide having a perovskite structure, in which a (119) face is selectively grown relative to a substrate surface. The film is formed on the substrate by chemical vapor deposition process. A method of manufacturing a BiSrCaCuO system superconducting film in which an a-axis is oriented preferentially relative to the surface of a substrate comprising MgO (100) single crystals, wherein the chemical composition ratio (Sr+Ca+Cu)/Bi of the BiSrCaCuO system superconducting film is made not less than 3.5. A Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system superconducting thin film formed on a substrate comprising MgO [110] single crystals, in which a (110) face is selectively grown to the substrate surface. The film is formed on the substrate by a chemical vapor deposition process.

Abstract: A Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O-type superconductive film is formed on an MgO (100) single crystal substrate by the chemical vapor deposition method at a film formation speed of 780.degree. C. or less and a film formation speed of 1.0 nm/min or more, and exhibits an a-axis or b-axis preferential growth with respect to the substrate surface.