Abstract: A piezoelectric material contains: a first component which is a rhombohedral crystal in a single composition, has a Curie temperature Tc1, and is a lead-free-system composite oxide having a perovskite-type structure; a second component which is a crystal other than the rhombohedral crystal in a single composition, has a Curie temperature Tc2<Tc1, and is a lead-free-system composite oxide having a perovskite-type structure; and a third component which is a crystal other than the rhombohedral crystal in a single composition similar to the second component, has a Curie temperature Tc3?Tc1, and is a lead-free-system composite oxide that has a perovskite-type structure and is different from the second component. When a molar ratio of the third component to the sum of the second component and the third component is ? and ?×Tc3+(1??)×Tc2 is Tc4, |Tc4?Tc2|?50° C.

Abstract: A piezoelectric material contains: a first component which is a rhombohedral crystal in a single composition, has a Curie temperature Tc1, and is a lead-free-system composite oxide having a perovskite-type structure; a second component which is a crystal other than the rhombohedral crystal in a single composition, has a Curie temperature Tc2<Tc1, and is a lead-free-system composite oxide having a perovskite-type structure; and a third component which is a crystal other than the rhombohedral crystal in a single composition similar to the second component, has a Curie temperature Tc3?Tc1, and is a lead-free-system composite oxide that has a perovskite-type structure and is different from the second component. When a molar ratio of the third component to the sum of the second component and the third component is ? and ?×Tc3+(1??)×Tc2 is Tc4, |Tc4?Tc2|?50° C.

Abstract: A piezoelectric material contains: a first component which is a rhombohedral crystal in a single composition, has a Curie temperature Tc1, and is a lead-free-system composite oxide having a perovskite-type structure; a second component which is a crystal other than a rhombohedral crystal in a single composition, has a Curie temperature Tc2 higher than Tc1, and is a lead-free-system composite oxide having a perovskite-type structure; and a third component which is a rhombohedral crystal in a single composition, has a Curie temperature Tc3 equal to or higher than Tc2, and is a lead-free-system composite oxide that has a perovskite-type structure and is different from the first component. When a molar ratio of the third component to the sum of the first component and the third component is ? and ?×Tc3+(1??)×Tc1 is Tc4, |Tc4?Tc2| is 50° C. or lower.

Abstract: A piezoelectric material contains a first component that is a rhombohedral crystal and that is configured to have a complex oxide with a perovskite structure and Curie temperature Tc1, a second component that is a crystal other than a rhombohedral crystal and that is configured to have a complex oxide with a perovskite structure and Curie temperature e Tc2, and a third component that is a rhombohedral crystal and that is configured to have a complex oxide with a perovskite structure and Curie temperature Tc3 different from the first component, and in which Tc2 is higher than Tc1, Tc3 is equal to or higher than Tc2, and a value of (0.1×Tc1+0.9×Tc2) is equal to or lower than 280° C.

Abstract: A piezoelectric material contains a first component that is a rhombohedral crystal that is configured to have a complex oxide with a perovskite structure and Curie temperature Tc1, a second component that is a crystal other than a rhombohedral crystal that is configured to have a complex oxide with the perovskite structure and Curie temperature Tc2, and a third component that is configured to have a complex oxide with the perovskite structure in which the component is formed as the same crystal system as the second component and Curie temperature Tc3, in which Tc1 is higher than Tc2, and Tc3 is equal to or higher than Tc1.

Abstract: A piezoelectric material contains a first component that is a rhombohedral crystal that is configured to have a complex oxide with a perovskite structure and Curie temperature Tc1 and a second component that is a crystal other than a rhombohedral crystal that is configured to have a complex oxide with the perovskite structure and Curie temperature Tc2, in which |Tc1?Tc2| is equal to or less than 50° C.

Abstract: A multifunction device includes a case having a document tray provided in an upper part, a cover section provided above the case and covering the document tray, a reading section held in an inside part of the case and scanning a document that is placed in the document tray, a recording section held in the inside of the case and recording on a paper as a recoding medium, an inserting section inserting the document between the document tray and the cover section, and an opening section for discharging a recording medium provided in the case and discharging the paper recorded by the recording section. The inserting section functions as an exit that discharges the document from between the document tray and the cover section.

Abstract: A piezoelectric material contains a first component that is a rhombohedral crystal that is configured to have a complex oxide with a perovskite structure and Curie temperature Tc1 and a second component that is a crystal other than a rhombohedral crystal that is configured to have a complex oxide with the perovskite structure and Curie temperature Tc2, in which |Tc1?Tc2| is equal to or less than 50° C.

Abstract: A piezoelectric material contains a first component that is a rhombohedral crystal that is configured to have a complex oxide with a perovskite structure and Curie temperature Tc1, a second component that is a crystal other than a rhombohedral crystal that is configured to have a complex oxide with the perovskite structure and Curie temperature Tc2, and a third component that is configured to have a complex oxide with the perovskite structure in which the component is formed as the same crystal system as the second component and Curie temperature Tc3, in which Tc1 is higher than Tc2, and Tc3 is equal to or higher than Tc1.

Abstract: A piezoelectric material contains a first component that is a rhombohedral crystal and that is configured to have a complex oxide with a perovskite structure and Curie temperature Tc1, a second component that is a crystal other than a rhombohedral crystal and that is configured to have a complex oxide with a perovskite structure and Curie temperature e Tc2, and a third component that is a rhombohedral crystal and that is configured to have a complex oxide with a perovskite structure and Curie temperature Tc3 different from the first component, and in which Tc2 is higher than Tc1, Tc3 is equal to or higher than Tc2, and a value of (0.1×Tc1+0.9×Tc2) is equal to or lower than 280° C.

Abstract: A multifunction device includes a case having a document tray provided in an upper part, a cover section provided above the case and covering the document tray, a reading section held in an inside part of the case and scanning a document that is placed in the document tray, a recording section held in the inside of the case and recording on a paper as a recoding medium, an inserting section inserting the document between the document tray and the cover section, and an opening section for discharging a recording medium provided in the case and discharging the paper recorded by the recording section. The inserting section functions as an exit that discharges the document from between the document tray and the cover section.

Abstract: A liquid droplet discharging device includes a stage section, a discharge head, a moving section, a maintenance device and a testing device. The stage section is configured and arranged to retain a substrate. The discharge head has a nozzle for discharging a liquid droplet of a liquid onto the substrate. The moving section supports the discharge head to move integrally with the discharge head relative to the stage section. The maintenance device is configured and arranged to perform a predetermined maintenance process on the discharge head. The testing device is configured and arranged to test liquid droplet discharge characteristics of the nozzle. The maintenance device and the testing devices are disposed at opposite sides in a direction of relative movement of the moving section and the stage section, with the stage section being disposed therebetween.

Abstract: An ink jet recording apparatus for ejecting droplets of ink from a plurality of nozzles is provided. The recording apparatus comprises a nozzle plate having the plurality of nozzles and a pressure generator associated with each of the plurality of nozzles. The nozzles and said pressure generators are disposed in at least three groups and each of the groups are associated with a single color ink. The ink associated with one group of nozzles and pressure generators is lighter, and the ink associated with one group of nozzles and pressure generators is darker than the ink associated with the other groups of nozzles and pressure generators. The group of nozzles and pressure generators associated with the ink of the lightest color is situated furthest from the group of nozzles and pressure generators associated with the ink of the darkest color.

Abstract: A thermal ink jet recording apparatus includes at least a substrate having at least a plurality of heating elements disposed in rows in at least two groups. Each group consists of two rows of heating elements, one row arranged on either side of the ink supply portion, each of the groups of the heating elements being associated with a single color ink. At least one nozzle plate has a plurality of nozzles disposed on the substrate where at least one nozzle plate and the substrate define a space between the nozzle plate and the substrate in registration with each group of heating elements and corresponding group of nozzles associated with a single color ink. Means are provided for independently delivering ink of one color from the ink reservoir to each of the spaces, whereby printing can be independently effected in at least two colors of ink.

Abstract: A thermal transfer type printer having an ink sheet rejuvenation system and method for rejuvenation of an ink sheet used in the printer wherein the printer has a transport path for transporting the ink sheet past an ink deposition station for selective transfer of powder ink from a powder ink supply to an ink sheet surface when a bias is applied at the station; ink fixing station having fixing applicator for selective engagement with the ink sheet surface for fixing the powder ink to the ink sheet; and a printing station having a thermal print head for engagement of the print head with the ink sheet onto a surface of an output medium for forming images on the output medium by selective thermal transfer of ink to the output medium surface in imagewise formation.

Abstract: A toner material comprises toner particles containing at least a coloring matter and a binder, said toner particle having electrically insulating properties and comprising an inside portion having a relatively high relative permittivity and a surface portion having a relatively low relative permittivity.

Abstract: A thermal ink jet recording apparatus includes a plurality of heating elements which serve as pressure generating members spaced apart from a plurality of nozzles. A reservoir, which stores ink prior to ejection through the nozzles, is formed between a nozzle plate and the pressure generating members and has a first cross-sectional area. A gap formed between a pair of substrates upon which the pressure generating members are disposed has a second cross-sectional area. An additional reservoir for storing ink is in fluid communication with the gap and has a third cross-sectional area. The first cross-sectional area is smaller than the second cross-sectional area and the second cross-sectional area is smaller than the third cross-sectional area for promoting capillary action in ejecting droplets of ink through the plurality of nozzles.

Abstract: A combination toner for xerographic image formation having conductive portions and insulating portions is provided. The conductive portions function to accumulate a charge in the toner particles and the insulating portions function to lengthen the period of discharge of the accumulated charge. The toner can be either magnetic or non-magnetic and improves image formation and transfer.

Abstract: A thermal ink jet recording apparatus includes at least a substrate having a gap disposed over an ink reservoir on a base in communication with an ink source. A film circuit of electrodes and heating elements is formed on each substrate. A nozzle plate covering the substrates has a lower step portion and a upper step portion. The upper step portion includes nozzles substantially directly above and corresponding to the plurality of heating elements. Ink which is used for this apparatus includes ionic or non-ionic surface active agents for increasing permeability of the ink on a recording medium.

Abstract: A condenser including a dielectric material exhibiting a ferroelectric phase wherein the dielectric constant-temperature characteristic of the condenser exhibits hysteresis loss of not more than 5% is provided. The dielectric constant-temperature characteristics are varied by regulating the particle diameter of the crystal and by providing an electrode material which reduces the loss. Hysteresis loss may also be reduced by including an oxide of a rare earth element or a metallic element of Group Va of the Periodic Table into a barium titanate dielectric component system.