Abstract: The present invention relates to an image processing apparatus and method, a display apparatus and method, and an electronic apparatus in which a driver can be controlled by superposing panel setting data on an image signal. For example, a controller (63) supplies driver control signals to an image processor (61) by serial communications. The image processor (61) stores digital signals input from a video-signal processor (12) in a video memory (14), and reads the digital signals and executes predetermined signal processing as needed, thereby converting the digital signals into video signals having horizontal and vertical blanking periods. At this time, the image processor (61) superposes panel setting data in accordance with the driver control signals from the controller (63) on the vertical blanking periods of the converted video signals.

Abstract: A reference electrode in the form of a conductor, an ion sensitive field effect transistor or a liquid-membrane electrode kit, coated with a membrane of a high polymer which contains an arsonium borate. Since the reference electrode dispenses with a liquid junction region which has been required of a conventional liquid-junction type reference electrode, it has the following features. (A) It does not matter if the reference electrode is allowed to dry during storage. (B) The test solution is not contaminated by the internal solution. (C) Reduction in size of the reference electrode can be easily attained.