Abstract: A display element comprises: a pair of substrates disposed opposite to each other; a liquid crystal enclosed between the pair of substrates; a wall structure which is formed to surround a pixel region and which is in contact with both of the pair of substrates; and an opening section which is an opening provided in a part of the wall structure to allow the liquid crustal to flow out of the pixel region.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display element includes a G display unit, serving as a first display unit, R and B display units and, serving as second and third display units, that are laminated on the G display unit and have display regions arranged so as to correspond to a display region of the G display unit, and a display control unit that performs a reset process of changing the display region to the same display state on the G display unit and then starts the reset process of the R and B display units.

Abstract: A display includes: an image data storage unit that stores image data; a display image data generation unit that synthesizes the image data with data of a noise pattern image with no correlation to the image data, and generates display image data; and a display unit that displays an image based on the display image data generated by the display image generation unit, and maintains a display without power supply.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid crystal display element displaying an image using a liquid crystal layer having memory characteristics and a method of driving the element. A liquid crystal display element capable of suppressing the generation of an afterimage attributable to image sticking is provided along with a method of driving the same.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid crystal display element displaying an image using a liquid crystal layer having memory characteristics and a method of driving the element. A liquid crystal display element capable of suppressing the generation of an afterimage attributable to image sticking is provided along with a method of driving the same.

Abstract: A method of driving a liquid crystal display element having a cholesteric liquid crystal is provided. The driving method includes a first step for driving a liquid crystal for a relatively short voltage application period after resetting the liquid crystal at pixels to a planar state to display preliminary gray levels and a second step for driving the liquid crystal for a voltage application period longer than the above voltage application period to display desired gray levels.

Abstract: The invention relates to a display element having a plurality of display units laminated to each other, an electronic paper including the same, an electronic terminal apparatus including the same, a display system including the same, and a method of processing an image in a display element, and an object of the invention is to provide a display element capable of obtaining a display image with good display quality and improving user convenience, an electronic paper using the same, an electronic terminal apparatus using the same, and a display system using the same.

Abstract: A display element comprises: a pair of substrates disposed opposite to each other; a liquid crystal enclosed between the pair of substrates; a wall structure which is formed to surround a pixel region and which is in contact with both of the pair of substrates; and an opening section which is an opening provided in a part of the wall structure to allow the liquid crustal to flow out of the pixel region.

Abstract: An electrophotographic toner comprising a binder resin and a colorant, which is used in electrophotographic process employing a flash fixing system for fixation of a transferred toner image, wherein the binder resin is a polyester resin which partially contains a chloroform-insoluble content; and the toner contains a polypropylene resin and an ester type structure resin represented by the following formula (I); wherein p, q, m and n each represents a positive integer of 16 to 22 and R may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The electrophotographic toner is capable of remarkably enhancing the fixation strength of the toner and inhibiting the occurrence of voids during the printing and the occurrence of fuming and odor during the fixation.

Abstract: A rotation particle display apparatus is disclosed that includes plural rotation particles for rotating in accordance with an applied electric field for displaying an image, each rotation particle having a first region and a second region. The first and second regions have different colors and different charge characteristics. When the rotation particles are viewed two-dimensionally from a direction where the borderline between the first and second regions is situated substantially at the center of the rotation particle and where the first region has an area which is substantially the same as that of the second region, the proportion of the rotation particles that satisfy a relation of 1.0?L/R?1.2 is 80% or more, where “L” represents the length of the borderline between the first and second regions, and “R” represents the diameter of a circle corresponding to a contour of the rotation particle.

Abstract: An electrophotographic toner comprising a binder resin and a colorant, which is used in electrophotographic process employing a flash fixing system for fixation of a transferred toner image, wherein

Abstract: A developing agent comprises an insulative toner and a conductive carrier, and the tensile rupture stress of the insulative toner powder layer is 0.1-1 g wt/cm.sup.2. The insulative toner used is insulative magnetic toner to which hydrophobically treated inorganic particles and conductive particles have been externally added.

Abstract: A toner used meets the requirement that the value determined by the equation 6/(d.sub.t .multidot..rho..sub.t .multidot.S), wherein d.sub.t is the volume average particle diameter of the toner, .rho..sub.t is the density of the toner, and Fs is the specific surface area of the toner, is in the range of 0.75 to 0.90, and the amount of electrification as measured by a magnet blow-off method is in the range of 10 to 40 .mu.C/g in terms of absolute value. A carrier used meets the requirement that the magnetic susceptibility is not less than 90 emu/g (at 1 kOe), the specific surface area is not less than 1000 cm.sup.2 /g to 1800 cm.sup.2 /g, the electric resistivity is 10.sup.6 to 10.sup.12 .OMEGA.cm, and the average particle diameter is 20 to 100 .mu.m.

Abstract: A photosensitive member including a transparent substrate, a transparent conductor layer formed on the transparent substrate and a photosensitive layer formed on the transparent conductor layer. An electrophotographic recording apparatus comprises the photosensitive member, voltage application means for uniformly charging electrically a surface of the photosensitive member, exposure means for effecting exposure from the back of the photosensitive member and forming an electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive member, development means for developing the electrostatic latent image to a toner image, and transfer means for transferring the toner image to recording paper.

Abstract: An imaging device for use in an electrographic imaging process, without a cleaning unit for residual toners, which comprises an image-carrying element, an image exposure means, a developing means, an image transfer means, and a distribution roller means of an elastic and electrically conductive material for uniformly distributing the residual toners over a surface of the image-carrying element and at the same time deelectrifying and recharging the same surface of said element. The imaging device has a simplified and compact structure and does not cause an environmental pollution problem due to the generation of ozone in the device.

Abstract: An electrification enhancer is either contained in the photoconductor, is present as a coating on the surface thereof, or is applied prior to use. A compound such as ammonium fluoride, a ferroelectric substance, a high molecular substance (fluorine resin) with an equivalent work function of 4.10 or greater, etc. are effective. The chargeability of the photoconductor is improved. The construction is best suited for the rear photorecording process, but is also effective in other types of contact charging recording systems.

Abstract: An electrostatic latent image is developed on a latent image carrier and residual toners are collected at the same time. An electrostatic latent image is formed on a rotary endless latent image carrier; developer, including magnetic toners and magnetic carriers, is supplied to a developing area for developing the latent image carrier, and a magnetic brush is formed with the developer in the developing area to thereby collect residual toners on the latent image carrier and develop the electrostatic latent image on the latent image carrier; and the developed image on the latent image carrier is transferred to a sheet.

Abstract: A magnetic brush developer for electrophotography by the reversal development system where a uniform positive charge is imparted to a photoconductive insulator, the insulator is irradiated with a light image to form an electrostatic latent image and the latent image is developed and visualized by a positively charged toner. The developer comprises a carrier of granulated magnetite particles, the surfaces of which are coated with a thermosetting resin containing a fine fluoropolymer powder and a fine magnetite or carbon black powder dispersed therein. When this developer is used, adhesion of the toner to the sleeve is not only prevented at the initial stage of printing but also after continuous printing, and even if continuous printing does conducted, the charge quantity is not reduce, therefore print quality does not degrade.