Abstract: Provided is a structure including a first member (2); a second member (3) disposed opposite to the first member (2); and a glass layer (4) disposed between the first member (2) and the second member (3) so as to bond the first member (2) and the second member (3). A glass transition point of the glass layer (4) is lower than a temperature of the glass layer (4) under operation. In the glass layer (4), at least either of ceramic and metallic particles 4b, 4c is dispersed. In a temperature region lower than the glass transition point of the glass layer (4), a thermal expansion coefficient thereof falls in between thermal expansion coefficients of the first member (2) and the second member (3). This allows thermal strain caused within the structure (1) to be reduced when the structure (1) is operated at a higher temperature than a room temperature.

Abstract: Provided is a structure including a first member (2); a second member (3) disposed opposite to the first member (2); and a glass layer (4) disposed between the first member (2) and the second member (3) so as to bond the first member (2) and the second member (3). A glass transition point of the glass layer (4) is lower than a temperature of the glass layer (4) under operation. In the glass layer (4), at least either of ceramic and metallic particles 4b, 4c is dispersed. In a temperature region lower than the glass transition point of the glass layer (4), a thermal expansion coefficient thereof falls in between thermal expansion coefficients of the first member (2) and the second member (3). This allows thermal strain caused within the structure (1) to be reduced when the structure (1) is operated at a higher temperature than a room temperature.

Abstract: In a semiconductor integrated circuit device having a test circuit, the test time can be shortened and further the circuit activation ratio can be increased, while reducing the circuit scale. In the operation test mode, the counter circuit (10) is divided into the first counter circuit (10a) and the second counter circuit (10b) by use of the test circuit (20). Further, the same input count clock CK is inputted at the same time to both the first and second counter circuits (10a, 10b) in parallel. The normal operation of the counter circuit (10) can be discriminated by checking whether the output signal A of the first counter circuit (10a) matches the output signal B of the second counter circuit (10b) or not.

Abstract: A fuel assembly avoiding the generation of irradiation damage, a Zr alloy used for the same, and a manufacturing method thereof. According to one embodiment, a super-saturated solid-solution Zr alloy powder having a crystal grain size in the range of 1000 nm or less and containing Fe, Ni and Cr is prepared by mechanical alloying, and the alloy powder is subjected to HIP, hot-working, cold-working and final heat-treatment.

Abstract: An apparatus of material surface observation related to the present invention is a scanning electron microscope which is combined with an accelerator of charged particles. The material surface is activated by irradiation of the charged particles and a surface reaction is induced. Secondary electron in generated by irradiation of the scanning electron beam depending on a shape of the material surface. The secondary electron generated by the irradiation of the scanning electron beam is discriminated from the secondary electrode generated by the irradiation of the charged particles, and only a signal of the secondary electron generated by the irradiation of the scanning electron beam is visualized. Consequently, a reaction process of the material surface which is activated or is reaction-induced by the irradiation of the charged particles can be observed in atomic level with less noise.

Abstract: The present invention comprises disposing an electrode group consisting of an anode and cathodes provided on both sides of the anode at a portion where the degree of vacuum in an electron microscope is to be measured closing in thermal electrons between the electrode group and a magnetic field forming lens systems such as objective lens system, condenser lens system and the like of the electron microscope, collecting a gas ionized by the thermal electrons closed therebetween to measure an ionic current, thereby realizing measurement of a degree of vacuum on a sample specimen part or thereabout without deteriorating a performance of the electrons microscope. For generating the thermal electron, for example, an observing electron beam of the electron microscope is collided with cathodes of the electrode group.