Abstract: An isolation structure can be formed between adjacent and/or non-adjacent pixel regions (e.g., between diagonal or cross-road pixel regions), of an image sensor, to reduce and/or prevent optical crosstalk. The isolation structure may include a deep trench isolation (DTI) structure or another type of trench that is partially filled with a material such that an air gap is formed therein. The DTI structure having the air gap formed therein may reduce optical crosstalk between pixel regions. The reduced optical crosstalk may increase spatial resolution of the image sensor, may increase overall sensitivity of the image sensor, may decrease color mixing between pixel regions of the image sensor, and/or may decrease image noise after color correction of images captured using the image sensor.

Abstract: A layer stack including a first bonding dielectric material layer, a dielectric metal oxide layer, and a second bonding dielectric material layer is formed over a top surface of a substrate including a substrate semiconductor layer. A conductive material layer is formed by depositing a conductive material over the second bonding dielectric material layer. The substrate semiconductor layer is thinned by removing portions of the substrate semiconductor layer that are distal from the layer stack, whereby a remaining portion of the substrate semiconductor layer includes a top semiconductor layer. A semiconductor device on the top semiconductor layer.

Abstract: The invention provides an automotive lighting unit for detecting electrical characteristics of light emitter diode component. At least one light emitter diode light source is selectively disposed on any one of at least one circuit channel of at least one drive power loop. At least one circuit breaker comprises at least one circuit switch corresponding to the at least one drive power loop, and is disposed on the circuit channel with the at least one light emitter diode light source. The at least one circuit channel is controlled by the at least one circuit switch to turn in a state of isolating from a drive power. An ammeter connection line is connected with the two sides one of the at least one light emitter diode light source.

Abstract: An optical module for protecting human eyes includes a first support element, first conductive paths, a lens, at least one second conductive path, and a light-emitting element. The first support element has a bottom plate and a sidewall on the bottom plate. The first conductive paths are in the first support element or outside the first support element. Each of the first conductive paths has a first end adjacent to a top surface of the sidewall and a second end adjacent to the bottom plate. The lens is located on the top surface of the sidewall. The second conductive path is electrically connected to the first ends of the first conductive paths. The light-emitting element is located on the bottom plate of the first support element. When a resistance difference is detected through the first and second conductive paths, the light-emitting element is switched off.

Abstract: An optical module for protecting human eyes includes a first support element, first conductive paths, a lens, at least one second conductive path, and a light-emitting element. The first support element has a bottom plate and a sidewall on the bottom plate. The first conductive paths are in the first support element or outside the first support element. Each of the first conductive paths has a first end adjacent to a top surface of the sidewall and a second end adjacent to the bottom plate. The lens is located on the top surface of the sidewall. The second conductive path is electrically connected to the first ends of the first conductive paths. The light-emitting element is located on the bottom plate of the first support element. When a resistance difference is detected through the first and second conductive paths, the light-emitting element is switched off.

Abstract: A seawater desalination device includes a seawater reservoir having a bottom wall and adapted for holding seawater, an evaporator adapted for evaporating the seawater held in the seawater reservoir into water vapor, osmosis membrane modules installed in the seawater reservoir and spaced above the bottom wall of the seawater reservoir, each osmosis membrane having membranes for the passing of the water vapor evaporated by the evaporator and a water vapor accumulation chamber surrounded by the membranes and a suction pipe connected to the water vapor accumulation chamber, and a pump unit having a pipe connected to the suction pipe of each osmosis membrane module and adapted for drawing water vapor out of the water vapor accumulation chamber of each osmosis membrane module.