Abstract: A composite material includes biodegradable and/or renewable materials such as purified milk protein recovered as a byproduct in cheese making processes. The result is a material suitable for three-dimensional (3D) printing and extrusion based polymer processing, with improved properties but that is still environmentally friendly. Purified milk protein may be used to produce composite thermoplastic materials or resins. Additional chemical modification may improve the blending of purified milk protein.

Abstract: A polylactic acid (PLA) composite material includes biodegradable and/or renewable materials such as purified lignin recovered as a byproduct in organosolv processes. The result is a material suitable for additive printing, with improved properties but that is still environmentally friendly. A coupling agent such as silane, diisocyanate crosslinking agent, and reactive extrusion agent may improve the blending of polylactic acid and purified lignin. Additional filler materials such as fibers or their powders may be added to significantly improve the mechanical properties of three-dimensional printed objects.

Abstract: A colorimetric assay to detect certain compounds and a kit therefore are provided.