Abstract: A semiconductor light-emitting device includes a semiconductor stack including a first semiconductor layer and a second semiconductor layer; a first reflective layer formed on the first semiconductor layer and including a plurality of vias; a plurality of contact structures respectively filled in the vias and electrically connected to the first semiconductor layer; a second reflective layer including metal material formed on the first reflective layer and contacting the contact structures; a plurality of conductive vias surrounded by the semiconductor stack; a connecting layer formed in the conductive vias and electrically connected to the second semiconductor layer; a first pad portion electrically connected to the second semiconductor layer; and a second pad portion electrically connected to the first semiconductor layer, wherein a shortest distance between two of the conductive vias is larger than a shortest distance between the first pad portion and the second pad portion.

Abstract: A memory controller includes a buffer memory and a microprocessor. The buffer memory includes at least a first cache memory and a second cache memory. The microprocessor is configured to control access of a flash memory device. The microprocessor is configured to obtain a number of spare blocks of the flash memory device corresponding to a first operation period, determine a write speed compensation value, determine a target write speed according to the write speed compensation value and a balance speed, and determine a target garbage collection speed according to the target write speed. The microprocessor is further configured to perform one or more write operations in response to one or more write commands received from a host device in the first operation period according to the target write speed and perform at least one garbage collection operation according to the target garbage collection speed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for managing a flash memory module, wherein the method comprises the steps of: grouping a plurality of blocks within the flash memory module into a plurality of groups, wherein each group comprises at least two blocks; establishing a valid page table, wherein the valid page table records indexes of the plurality of blocks and corresponding numbers of valid pages, respectively; establishing a group minimum valid page array based on the valid page table; referring to the group minimum valid page array to select a target group having a global minimum valid page, wherein the global minimum valid pages is obtained by selecting a minimum value among the minimum valid pages of the groups; searching the at least two blocks within the target group to determine a target block having the global minimum valid pages; and adding the target block into a garbage collection queue.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for managing a flash memory module, wherein the method includes the steps of: grouping a plurality of blocks within the flash memory module into a plurality of groups; scanning a target block of each group, without scanning all of the blocks within the group, to determine if at least a portion of blocks of the group needs to be refreshed, wherein the group that is determined that at least the portion of blocks needs to be refreshed is marked as a marked group; only scanning at least the portion of blocks of the marked group, without scanning the groups that is not marked, to determine which block needs to be refreshed, wherein the block that is determined to be refreshed is marked as a marked block; refreshing the marked block(s) by moving valid data of the marked block(s) to at least one blank block.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for managing a flash memory module, wherein the method includes the steps of: grouping a plurality of blocks within the flash memory module into a plurality of groups; scanning a target block of each group, without scanning all of the blocks within the group, to determine if at least a portion of blocks of the group needs to be refreshed, wherein the group that is determined that at least the portion of blocks needs to be refreshed is marked as a marked group; only scanning at least the portion of blocks of the marked group, without scanning the groups that is not marked, to determine which block needs to be refreshed, wherein the block that is determined to be refreshed is marked as a marked block; refreshing the marked block(s) by moving valid data of the marked block(s) to at least one blank block.

Abstract: A memory controller includes a buffer memory and a microprocessor. The buffer memory includes at least a first cache memory and a second cache memory. The microprocessor is configured to control access of a flash memory device. The microprocessor is configured to obtain a number of spare blocks of the flash memory device corresponding to a first operation period, determine a write speed compensation value, determine a target write speed according to the write speed compensation value and a balance speed, and determine a target garbage collection speed according to the target write speed. The microprocessor is further configured to perform one or more write operations in response to one or more write commands received from a host device in the first operation period according to the target write speed and perform at least one garbage collection operation according to the target garbage collection speed.

Abstract: A method for recording a duration of use of a data block is disclosed, as well as a data storage device implementing that method. The data block is either an in-use data block or an empty data block. The method includes steps of: receiving and writing data into one of the in-use data blocks and writing a program time and a time interval of the data into the in-use data block. Wherein the time interval is a difference between the program time and an initial program time of the in-use data block, and the initial program time was recorded when the in-use data block wrote a first piece of data.

Abstract: A data storage device includes a flash memory, a controller and a random-access memory. The flash memory includes a plurality of blocks, and each of the blocks includes a plurality of pages. The controller divides the pages of the blocks into a plurality of super pages which include a plurality of first pages and a plurality of second pages. The controller writes at least one super page data to one of the first pages, generates a parity code based on the at least one super page data, and stores the parity code on the random-access memory.

Abstract: A data storage device includes a flash memory, a controller and a random-access memory. The flash memory includes a plurality of blocks, and each of the blocks includes a plurality of pages. The controller divides the pages of the blocks into a plurality of super pages which include a plurality of first pages and a plurality of second pages. The controller writes at least one super page data to one of the first pages, generates a parity code based on the at least one super page data, and stores the parity code on the random-access memory.

Abstract: A storage device includes a data storage medium having a plurality of data blocks and a control unit electrically coupled to the data storage medium. The control unit is configured to access data in the data blocks, perform data reading operations to obtain a plurality of data characteristic parameters of the data blocks, obtain a first value and a second value according to the data characteristic parameters, perform an additional data reading operation on a target block selected from the data blocks to obtain an additional data characteristic parameter of the target block, and determine whether to perform a data swap operation on the target block according to the data characteristic parameter of the target block, the first value and the second value. A data moving method for the storage device is also provided.

Abstract: A method for recording a duration of use of a data block is disclosed, as well as a data storage device implementing that method. The data block is either an in-use data block or an empty data block. The method includes steps of: receiving and writing data into one of the in-use data blocks and writing a program time and a time interval of the data into the in-use data block. Wherein the time interval is a difference between the program time and an initial program time of the in-use data block, and the initial program time was recorded when the in-use data block wrote a first piece of data.

Abstract: A storage device includes a data storage medium having a plurality of data blocks and a control unit electrically coupled to the data storage medium. The control unit is configured to access data in the data blocks, perform data reading operations to obtain a plurality of data characteristic parameters of the data blocks, obtain a first value and a second value according to the data characteristic parameters, perform an additional data reading operation on a target block selected from the data blocks to obtain an additional data characteristic parameter of the target block, and determine whether to perform a data swap operation on the target block according to the data characteristic parameter of the target block, the first value and the second value. A data moving method for the storage device is also provided.