Abstract: A method of air decontamination for a fuel cell to remove contaminants, that reduce cell performance, in air to be supplied to a fuel cell by treating the air so that the concentration of a sulfur compound is reduced to 5 ppb or less by removing the sulfur compound in the air is provided. By reducing the concentration of the sulfur compound in the fuel cell air to 5 ppb or less, the electromotive-force reduction in the fuel cell caused by the fuel cell electromotive-force-reducing impurities in the fuel cell air can be substantially completely prevented to stably maintain the characteristics of the fuel cell for a long period of time and to extend the lifetime thereof.

Abstract: A decontamination procedure for a fuel cell power plant (10) includes operating the plant to produce electrical power for an operating period, and then terminating operation of the plant (10) for a decontamination period, and then, whenever optimal electrical production of a plant fuel cell (12) is reduced by at least 5% by contaminants adsorbed by fuel cell electrodes (24, 42), decontaminating the fuel cell (12) of the plant (10) during the decontamination period by oxidizing contaminants adsorbed by electrodes (24, 42) of the fuel cell. Oxidizing the contaminants may be accomplished by various steps including exposing the electrodes (24, 42) to flowing oxygen; to heated flowing oxygen; to a sequence of start-stop cycles; and, to varying controlled potentials.

Abstract: A method of air decontamination for fuel cell to remove contaminants, reducing cell performance in air to be supplied to a fuel cell by treating the air so that the concentration of a sulfur compound is reduced to 5 ppb or less by removing the sulfur compound in the air. By reducing the concentration of the sulfur compound in the fuel-cell air to 5 ppb or less, the electromotive-force reduction in the fuel cell caused by the fuel-cell electromotive-force-reducing impurities in the fuel-cell air can be substantially completely prevented to stably maintain the characteristics of the fuel cell for a long period of time and to extend the lifetime thereof.

Abstract: A process for producing a compound of the formula (II): wherein Hal1 represents halogen and R1 and R2 each independently represents halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, nitro or cyano, which comprises allowing a halogenating agent to react with a compound of the formula (I): wherein Alk represents branched alkyl and R1 and R2 are as defined above.

Abstract: A brake pedal apparatus for an automotive vehicle is disclosed as including a pedal bracket 2, a pivot bracket 3, a slide plate 9 fixedly secured to a vehicular body structural member 41, 52, and an impact absorbing section 10 located between the pedal bracket and the slide plate. During a frontal collision of a vehicle, the impact absorbing section allows the pedal bracket to be contracted and deformed into a position wherein a pedal arm 8 is retracted in a forward direction of the vehicle whereby even when a master vac. is retracted in the forward direction or even when a dash floor panel 40 is deformed into a vehicle compartment with a resultant rearward movement of a push rod 24, a depressing position of the pedal arm remains in a position to avoid a differential feeling touch to be applied to a vehicle driver.

Abstract: A process for producing a compound of the formula (II): 1

Abstract: A brake pedal apparatus for an automotive vehicle is disclosed as including a pedal bracket 2, a pivot bracket 3, a slide plate 9 fixedly secured to a vehicular body structural member 41, 52, and an impact absorbing section 10 located between the pedal bracket and the slide plate. During a frontal collision of a vehicle, the impact absorbing section allows the pedal bracket to be contracted and deformed into a position wherein a pedal arm 8 is retracted in a forward direction of the vehicle whereby even when a master vac. is retracted in the forward direction or even when a dash floor panel 40 is deformed into a vehicle compartment with a resultant rearward movement of a push rod 24, a depressing position of the pedal arm remains in a position to avoid a differential feeling touch to be applied to a vehicle driver.

Abstract: A vibrating cutting tool capable of making uniform micro-vibrations at the cutter edge generated during machining. The vibrations at the cutter edge are transmitted to balls biassed by springs, compressing the springs. The vibrations are transmitted from the balls through the output shaft back to the cutter edge. While the cutting force is small, the amplitude of vibration of balls is relatively large. When it increases, the holder acts on the balls more than the spring does so that vibration is suppressed. As a result, the amplitude of vibration becomes uniform.

Abstract: In order to minimize the size of an aluminum pad in a method of forming a bump, a metal wire is wedge-bonded on the aluminum pad, a necessary amount of the wire is left on the aluminum pad, and the metal wire is disconnected by a clamp. The width of a collapsed portion of the wire on the aluminum pad can be reduced to 1.5 times or less the wire diameter.

Abstract: A vibrating cutting tool having an input shaft driven by a live spindle of a machine tool and an output shaft having a cutter mounting portion. The input shaft and the output shaft are coupled together through a coupling mechanism so as to be at least circumferentially movable relative to each other. Recesses are formed in one of the input shaft and the output shaft and holes are formed in the other at locations opposite to the recesses. Moving elements are mounted between the recesses and the holes with a predetermined gap defined between the moving elements and the recesses or the peripheral surfaces of the holes. The gaps serve to restrict a circumferential movement of the moving elements. Springs are provided to urge the moving elements against the recesses. The movement of the moving elements is restricted by stoppers. An adjusting ring may be provided to adjust the biasing force of the springs.

Abstract: An antibacterial cephalosporin hydroxamic acid derivative represented by the following formula (I), processes for its preparation, compositions containing the same as an active ingredient, and a method for killing bacteria by contacting with said compound. ##STR1## (wherein, R is acyl; R.sup.1 is hydrogen or methoxy; R.sup.2 is alkylene; R.sup.3 is hydrogen, aliphatic group or a hydroxy-protecting group; R.sup.4 is hydrogen or amino-protecting group; R.sup.5 is hydrogen, light metal atom or carboxy-protecting group; and X is oxygen, sulfur, or sulfinyl).

Abstract: A tool abnormality detector for use with a machine tool for detecting any abnormality of a tool mounted on the tool mounting shaft. When the tool mounting shaft is in a correct position with respect to the tubular body secured to the spindle, the air pressure is kept constant. When an abnormal resistance is applied to the tool mounting shaft, the latter will lag in rotation with respect to the tubular body, so that the exhaust air passage will be blocked. A pressure sensor detects an abnormal increase in the air supply line, giving a signal for stopping the spindle of the machine tool. This prevents the tool from damage.

Abstract: An antibacterial cephalosporin hydroxamic acid derivative represented by the following formula (I), processes for its preparation, compositions containing the same as an active ingredient, and a method for killing bacteria by contacting with said compound. ##STR1## (wherein, R is acyl; R.sup.1 is hydrogen or methoxy; R.sup.2 is alkylene; R.sup.3 is hydrogen, aliphatic group or a hydroxy-protecting group; R.sup.4 is hydrogen or amino-protecting group; R.sup.5 is hydrogen, light metal atom or carboxy-protecting group; and X is oxygen, sulfur, or sulfinyl).

Abstract: A novel chemical, fluorochlorocyclopropane (I) of the following formula: ##STR1## is prepared by the addition of fluorochlorocarbene to the corresponding olefin (II) of the following formula:CH.sub.2 .dbd.CR.sup.1 -R.sup.2The compound is a useful intermediate for synthesizing some chemicals, e.g., some cephalosporins.(wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, halogen, 1 to 8C alkylamino, alkoxy, or alkylthio andR.sup.2 is halogen, 1 to 8C alkylamino, alkoxy, or alkylthio).

Abstract: 5-Mercapto-1H-tetrazole-1-alkanohydroxamic acid, its salts and its esters having the following formula: ##STR1## wherein A is an alkylene group;M is a hydrogen or light metal atom; andR is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a hydroxy-protecting group,and its preparation are disclosed. The compounds are useful as medicines and intermediates.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein u represents hydrogen, carboxamido, N-hydroxycarboxamido, carboxy, azido, an aryl, an acylamino, a protected carboxy or an N-alkoxycarboxamido, or, together with v, can represent --S-- or --CH.sub.2 S--; v represents hydrogen, halogen, cyano or an alkylthio, or, together with u, can represent --S-- or --CH.sub.2 S--, or, together with w, can represent --(CH.sub.2).sub.3 CO--; w represents hydrogen, carboamoyl, cyano, carboxy, an N-alkylcarbamoyl, an alkyl, an aryl, a protected carboxy or a heterocycle, or, together with v, can represents --(CH.sub.2).sub.

Abstract: A process for preparing 3.beta.-amino-4.beta.-substituted-2-azetidinones, which comprises condensing a 3.alpha.-amino-4.beta.-substituted-2-azetidinone with a trihalogenoacetaldehyde or the reactive derivative thereof to give a 3.alpha.-(2,2,2-trihalogenoethylidene)amino-4.beta.-substituted-2-azetidin ones, treating the latter with a base to give a 3-(2,2-dihalogenovinyl)imino-4.beta.-substituted-2-azetidinone, reducing the latter with a metal hydride to give a 3.beta.-(2-halogenovinyl)amino-4.beta.-substituted-2-azetidinone, and hydrolyzing the latter to give the objective compound.

Abstract: A process for preparing 3.beta.-amino-4.beta.-substituted-2-azetidinones, which comprises condensing a 3.alpha.-amino-4.beta.-substituted-2-azetidinone with a trihalogenoacetaldehyde or the reactive derivative thereof to give a 3.alpha.-(2,2,2-trihalogenoethylidene)amino-4.beta.-substituted-2-azetidin ones, treating the latter with a base to give a 3-(2,2-dihalogenovinyl)imino-4.beta.-substituted-2-azetidinone, reducing the latter with a metal hydride to give a 3.beta.-(2-halogenovinyl)amino-4.beta.-substituted-2-azetidinone, and hydrolyzing the latter to give the objective compound.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula: ##STR1## (where COB is carboxy or protected carboxy and X is hydrogen or nucleophilic group)preparable by oxidation of the corresponding N-nitrosopenicillin derivatives are useful as starting materials for synthesizing known and useful cephalosporins.