Abstract: The method for manufacturing a multilayer optical recording medium of the invention includes a plurality of signal recording layers in the signal recording and reading side, an interlayer of a resin layer between the signal recording layers, and a transparent protection layer with a thickness of 10 ?m to 150 ?m as an outermost layer. The multilayer optical recording medium has a clamp area corresponding to a region inside of the signal recording region, wherein the clamp area ranges in diameter from a diameter of 23 mm to the inner diameter of the signal recording region.

Abstract: An optical information recording medium, includes a disc-shaped substrate, at least one information recording layer formed over a recording/reproducing-side main surface of the substrate, a light transmitting layer formed over the information recording layer, and a protecting layer formed to cover the light transmitting layer and at least one part of a side end surface perpendicular to the main surface of the substrate. At least the part of the side end surface is covered with the protecting layer for covering the recording/reproducing-side main surface, and the surface of the protecting layer covering at least the part of the side end surface has a larger surface roughness than that of the surface of the protecting layer covering the upper of the recording/reproducing-side main surface.

Abstract: To present a carbon material which provides an electrical storage device not only ensuring a high energy density but also realizing a high output and an excellent low temperature performance. A negative electrode active material for an electrical storage device employing an aprotic organic solvent electrolyte solution containing a lithium salt as an electrolytes characterized in that it is made of a carbon material having a specific surface area of from 0.01 to 50 m2/g and a total mesopore volume of from 0.005 to 1.0 cc/g, wherein volumes of mesopores having pore diameters of from 100 to 400 ? occupy at least 25% of the total mesopore volume.

Abstract: The present invention provides a front panel for a plasma display panel which can suppress the incidence of chipping of the barrier rib of a rear panel for a PDP, can enhance the stability of initial electron emission in a dielectric layer, and can reduce a voltage required for maintaining a wall charge. The front panel for a plasma display panel includes a substrate, a plurality of electrodes formed on the substrate, a dielectric layer formed to cover the respective electrodes and the substrate, a dielectric-protection layer formed to cover the dielectric layer, and powder components dispersed on the dielectric-protection layer, wherein an annealed layer having a thickness of 10 to 300 nm is formed on at least the exposed surface of each of the powder components, wherein said exposed surface does not contact the dielectric-protection layer.

Abstract: An organic electrolyte capacitor. The organic capacitor is made up of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte capable of transporting lithium ions. The organic capacitor exhibits a small change in internal resistance during charge and discharge, a high energy and a high output power, and allows lithium ions to move with ease. This is achieved by having a positive electrode that is able to support lithium ions and anions reversibly, a negative electrode that is able to support lithium ions reversibly, and controlling the ratio of positive electrode active material to negative electrode active material within an optimized range.

Abstract: A method is provided for designing a wiring structure of a wiring layer of a semiconductor integrated circuit device. The method includes a wire width detecting step of detecting a wire width of each wire in a wiring pattern of layout data, a wire identifying step of identifying a wire having a predetermined wire width or more based on a result of detection by the wire width detecting step, a wiring pitch detecting step of detecting a wiring pitch between the wire identified by the wire identifying step and another wire, and an air gap-forbidden region forming and removing step of forming or removing an air gap-forbidden region, depending on a result of detection by the wiring pitch detecting step.

Abstract: Circuit data on a semiconductor integrated circuit, design constraints as to design of the semiconductor integrated circuit, air gap information on air gap creation in the circuit data, and an air gap volume constraint specifying an allowable range for an air gap volume value are received. The sum total of the values of the volumes of air gaps created in the circuit data according to the air gap information is calculated. Upon detection that the calculated sum total of the air gap volume values falls outside the allowable range specified by the air gap volume constraint, the circuit data is optimized so that the design constraints are satisfied and the sum total of the air gap volume values falls within the allowable range.

Abstract: Discharge at a high current density has been difficult because of problems that an electrolytic solution has low conductivity and absorption and desorption reaction of lithium ions are slow in the negative electrode. However, let a (mAh) be a cell capacity when the organic electrolyte capacitor in a charged state is discharged to half the charging voltage over 1±0.25 hours, and b (mAh) be a negative electrode capacity when the negative electrode in the charged state is discharged to 1.5 V (Li/Li+), then, by controlling a ratio of a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode active material to satisfy 0.05?a/b?0.30, it is possible to achieve a high-performance organic electrolyte capacitor having a small internal resistance and a small change in internal resistance during charging and discharging as well a high output density, in which lithium ions are allowed to move with ease.

Abstract: There is provided an organic electrolyte capacitor having electrodes on current collectors that have holes penetrating the front and rear surfaces, in which electrode materials formed an the through-holes of the current collectors seldom fall off and high energy density and high power density can be obtained. The organic electrolyte capacitor includes positive electrodes, negative electrodes and an electrolyte capable of transferring lithium ions, in which the positive electrodes contain a substance capable of carrying lithium ions and/or anions reversibly as a positive electrode active material, the negative electrodes contain a substance capable of carrying lithium ions as a negative electrode active material, the positive and negative electrodes possess the positive or negative electrode active material layers on an electrode substrate that has conductive layers made of conductive materials on current collectors, which have through-holes, and the negative electrodes carry lithium electrochemically.

Abstract: A continuous casting apparatus comprises continuously supplying molten metal from a tundish to a cooled mold having an inlet and an outlet at least through a break ring, forming a cast section by continuously cooling the molten metal in the mold and starting the solidification of the molten metal below its surface, and intermittently withdrawing the cast section with respect to the mold through its outlet. During continuous casting, a sealing gas having a pressure higher than atmospheric and being soluble in the molten metal is invariable supplied to the entirety of the contact area of the mold and the break ring.

Abstract: A continuous cast method comprises continuously supplying molten metal from a tundish through a break ring to a cooled mold having an inlet and an outlet. A cast section is formed by continuously cooling the molten metal in the mold and starting the solidification of the molten metal below its surface and intermittently withdrawing the cast section with respect to the mold through its outlet. During continuous casting, a sealing gas having a pressure higher than atmospheric and soluble in the molten metal is constantly supplied to the entirety of the contact area of the mold and the break ring.

Abstract: An actuator has a cylindrical body, on the outer peripheral surface of which an induction coil is formed directly and a piston accommodated in the body and functioning as a core. The displacement of the piston can be detected by a detecting circuit for the change of the coil inductance in response to the displacement of the piston.