Abstract: In a camera having an automatic flash light control system, a quantity of flash light illuminating an object is restricted by a value as an upper limit or a lower limit which is calculated by a distance to the object and an aperture value of a taking lens. When there is any factor for affecting the calculation of the value such as a high reflectance of the object, a specific lens system of the taking lens and a position of the flashing unit with respect to the camera, the limit value is compensated or the restriction by the value is release. When the flash light control has completed, the flash light control mode is distinguished by indication manner corresponding to the result of the actual flash light control.

Abstract: A column address is decoded by each column decoder, and an arrangement of pixels to be written to a memory cell array is rotated by a rotation circuit. The rotation result is written to the memory cell array in accordance with the decoding result of the column address. Then, the column address is decoded by each column decoder to a decoding result which is different from the decoding result of the column address at the time of writing. In accordance with the decoding result, pixels stored in the memory cell array are read. The arrangement of the read pixels is rotated by the rotation circuit and then outputted. Thus, rearrangement of pixels constituting an image can be carried out quickly while avoiding any increase in the size of the device.

Abstract: In a camera having an automatic flash light control system, a quantity of flash light illuminating an object is restricted by a value as an upper limit or a lower limit which is calculated by a distance to the object and an aperture value of a taking lens. When there is any factor for affecting the calculation of the value such as a high reflectance of the object, a specific lens system of the taking lens and a position of the flashing unit with respect to the camera, the limit value is compensated or the restriction by the value is release. When the flash light control has completed, the flash light control mode is distinguished by indication manner corresponding to the result of the actual flash light control.

Abstract: Value-added information is created based on favorite information of a content user. The content is processed according to the generated value-added information. Favorite data indicating operations, such as fast-forward, pause, and rewind operations, performed while the content is being played back, and personal user information, such as the age group, the gender, and the life-style, of the content user are transferred to a server via a network. The server performs statistical processing on the user favorite data to generate value-added information according to the attributes of the user, such as the age group, the gender, and the life-style. Accordingly, the user is able to search for popular titles, play back only popular scenes, and skip uninteresting scenes by using a content playback apparatus.

Abstract: A chip saw in which chips are brazed onto the peripheral edge thereof is clamped, and is rotated while bringing a rotational brush into contact with a honing-subjected portion of the peripheral edge. A liquid, which has dustproof oil and abrasive powder, provided with abrasive properties is supplied to a part in which the rotational brush is in contact with the honing-subjected portion. Therefore, the work efficiency of honing process is improved, and sawdust is not generated. This makes it possible to easily take countermeasures against environmental problems and effectively use resources. In addition, the liquid can be easily recycled.

Abstract: In a camera system for exposing an image of an object in each frame on a film, an inherent film number is optically exposed in a predetermined region on the film which is disposed before a first frame and not exposed. Furthermore, all frame data such as shutter speed, aperture number, and so on with respect to all frames on the same film are recorded together in a file in a memory card. A name corresponding to the inherent film number is used as a name of the file.

Abstract: An automatic-focusing camera is provided with a multiple-point distance-measurement device having a plurality of distance-measurement areas, a multiple-division photometry device having a plurality of photometry areas, and a multiple-division light-amount-control device having a plurality of light-amount-control areas. Part of the photometry areas and part of the light-amount-control areas correspond to the distance-measurement areas. When a taking lens is focused on a subject, its focus is locked. Out of the information obtained from the multiple-point distance-measurement device, a set of information obtained when the focus of the taking lens is locked is compared with a set of information obtained immediately before a shot is taken, and thereby a change in picture composition after the locking of the taking lens focus is detected. This makes it possible to achieve exposure control in ambient-light shooting and light amount control in flash shooting in accordance with a change in picture composition.

Abstract: A camera is provided with a distance measurement device having a plurality of distance measurement regions and outputting distance measurement information of each distance measurement region, a light adjustment device having a plurality of light adjustment regions including regions substantially coinciding with the distance measurement regions, and an auxiliary light emitting device for emitting auxiliary light in distance measurement. The auxiliary light emitting device emits auxiliary light when low contrast is detected in at least one of the plurality of distance measurement regions. When auxiliary light is emitted, the flash light emission quantity is controlled based on the distance measurement information in auxiliary light emission and an output from the light adjustment device.

Abstract: A flash device comprising a power source; a main capacitor adapted to be charged by the power source; a flash firing unit operable to consume charge stored in the main capacitor to emit a flash light; a switching unit disposed in a discharge loop for the main capacitor through the flash firing unit; a trigger circuit for exciting the flash firing unit in response to a flash firing command; a pulse output unit, which is operable to output some kinds of pulses, the duty factors of the pulses being different from each other, for inputting a selecting command and For outputting one of the pulses in accordance with the selecting command; and a control unit for causing the switching unit to be switched on and off repeatedly in response to the pulse outputted from the pulse output unit.

Abstract: A camera to which an external flash device may be mounted has a focal length detecting device which detects the focal length of a photo-taking lens, a conversion device which converts the detected focal length information into focal length information having a prescribed relationship to the detected focal length information, and a transmitter which transmits the converted focal length information to the external flash device.

Abstract: A camera system includes a camera device and a flash device. The camera device has a first mode where a control aperture value and a control shutter speed are automatically determined; and a second mode where the operator is allowed to determine either a control aperture value or a control shutter speed. The flash device is capable of emitting an instantaneous flash light and a prolonged flash light. The camera device includes a distance calculator operable to calculate a distance to an object and a light intensity calculator operable to calculate an intensity of a prolonged flash light for flash photography based on the calculated distance, a focal plane shutter having a front blind and a rear blind, and a controller operable to render the flash device emit a prolonged flash light at the calculated intensity from the start of travel of the front blind to the finish of travel of the rear blind.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device having an internal constant voltage source in which a charge pumping circuit generates a boosted voltage, wherein by using a constant voltage drop circuit or a voltage follower which outputs a voltage following a reference voltage, a voltage adjusted to a minimum operating voltage of the memory cells or a voltage near to the minimum operating voltage is supplied to the word lines during activation.

Abstract: A flash photographing system includes a first firing device operable to fire a first flash light effective for photography of the camera device; a second firing device operable to fire a second flash light ineffective for photography of the camera device, the second firing device having two different emission modes; and a changer operable to change over the two emission modes of the second firing device. The emission modes are changed over in accordance with selection of macro or portrait photography mode. The second flash light consists of intermittently emitted flash lights. The emission modes of the second flash light are different from each other in aspect of the light amount, emitting frequency, number of emitting times, or emitting time.

Abstract: A protective circuit for a semiconductor integrated circuit having a MOS transistor is constructed of a protective device having a first conducting type of protective device region provided in the surface of a substrate and a second conducting type of first diffused part and second diffused part provided in the surface of the protective device region. The first diffused part is connected to a power line of the MOS transistor, and the second diffused part is connected to a signal line between an external input terminal and the MOS transistor. The bipolar operation of the protective device allows electric charge accumulated in the power line to be discharged from the external input terminal, and also allows electric charge accumulated in the external input terminal to be discharged from the power line. Accordingly, the occurrence of electrostatic breakdown in the semiconductor integrated circuit can be prevented.

Abstract: The oscillating switching element of step-up transformer comprises a dedicated high-frequency FET and is placed between center tap of the primary coil and the ground of the primary circuit. Terminal of the primary coil on the side of the ground is connected to the connection point between xenon tube and the light emission controlling switching element, i.e., an IGBT, via diode. Charge voltage of main capacitor is detected by voltage detection circuit, and when charge voltage is below threshold voltage, controller drives the IGBT at a low frequency, while when charge voltage has exceeded threshold voltage, it drives the FET at a high frequency to charge main capacitor. The charging of main capacitor is made faster and more efficient by changing the switching frequency and by switching the switching element between the IGBT and the FET as charge voltage increases.

Abstract: In an integrated circuit card having memory therein, an address detecting circuit and a power supply circuit are provided and the output voltage from the power supply circuits is changed based on address data and supply to a part of the memory, so as to improve the use efficiency of an internal power supply.

Abstract: A camera system capable of wireless flash photographing, comprising a camera and an external flash unit, wherein the external flash unit transmits a discriminating data such as a synchronized shutter speed with a wireless flash photographing, and the camera receives the discriminating data. According to the received data, a phototaking operation of the camera is executed.

Abstract: A flash device comprising a power source; a main capacitor adapted to be charged by the power source; a flash firing unit operable to consume charge stored in the main capacitor to emit a flash light; a switching unit disposed in a discharge loop for the main capacitor through the flash firing unit; a trigger circuit for exciting the flash firing unit in response to a flash firing command; a pulse output unit, which is operable to output some kinds of pulses, the duty factors of the pulses being different from each other, for inputting a selecting command and for outputting one of the pulses in accordance with the selecting command; and a control unit for causing the switching unit to be switched on and off repeatedly in response to the pulse outputted from the pulse output unit.

Abstract: A camera having a built-in electronic flash device and a detachable electronic flash device, provided with a detecting sensor for detecting photographing condition, which judges whether or not a red-eye phenomenon caused by a reflection of flash light on human retinae tends to occur. In accordance with the judgment, activation of both flash devices are controlled.

Abstract: A flashlight photographing device wherein the possibility of missing a shutter chance is minimized, a shutter speed can be set appropriately upon trailing shutter blind synchronized photographing, and an interval of time is minimized until a subsequent photographing operation is permitted. The flashlight includes a plurality of flash devices which are controlled such that one of them which has been charged up at the earliest is caused to emit flashlight. After the charged voltage of a main capacitor of one of the flash devices becomes higher than a second predetermined value but lower than a first predetermined value at which the flash device can operate to emit light, operation of an automatic focusing motor or a film winding motor of a camera is started. When trailing shutter blind synchronized photographing is to be performed in an exposure mode wherein a shutter speed is to be automatically set, exposure of the camera is controlled in accordance with a predetermined exposure time as in bulb exposure.