Abstract: A roller for transporting sheet-like material is manufactured by forming a cylindrical resin layer on the periphery of a preheated aluminum pipe, cutting the aluminum pipe covered with the resin layer to a desired size, and joining coaxially oriented shaft end members to both ends of the cut aluminum pipe. The resin layer can be covered on the periphery of the aluminum pipe by use of an extrusion molding machine. A contoured surface on the pipe or an adhesive can help the resin adhere to the pipe. The roller thus manufactured has high stiffness, roundness, less runout and good dimensional stability over a wide temperature range. The weight of the roller is light and maintenance of a rack which is installed with the rollers by the user is easy.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is a fuel injection rate control system for starting a two-cycle engine having a fuel injection valve, which comprises: means for correcting the starting basic fuel injection rate, which is stored in advance in terms of an engine temperature, in accordance with the cranking engine speed at the enging starting time; and means for performing a correction in accordance with the cranking time period, wherein the improvement comprises, as the means for correcting the starting basic fuel injection rate in accordance with the cranking engine speed: first engine speed correction coefficient setting means for setting a first engine speed at a first start of the engine; means for deciding second later starts of the engine; and second engine speed correction coefficient setting means for setting an engine speed correction coefficient smaller than that of the first engine speed correction coefficient setting means when the second and later starts of the engine are decided by the decision means.

Abstract: A two-piece type oil ring assembly consisting of a single spacer expander in the form of a split annulus and a side rail in the form of a flat split annulus. The spacer expander has a flat lower surface for making plane contact with the lower side of an oil ring groove when the assembly is mounted in the oil groove of a piston. The spacer expander has a radially, substantially L-shaped section composed of a trough portion, an outer crest portion integrally connected to the trough portion from outside, and an inner crest portion integrally connected to the trough portion from inside, the inner crest portion being taller than the outer crest portion. The spacer expander has a multiplicity of radial slots extending alternatively from the inner periphery of the inner crest portion to the inner periphery of the outer crest portion and from the outer periphery of the outer crest portion to the outer periphery of the inner crest portion. A plurality of oil grooves pass radially through the spacer expander.

Abstract: A cutter for punching a sheet of material having a fixed block disposed so as to face one side of the sheet, a punching blade disposed at the opposite side of the sheet relative to the fixed block, a cutting blade disposed spacedly and along the punching blade, and a transporting roller disposed inside the moving blade. A punched-out portion punched by the punching blade is thereby transported with and separated from a punched-remaining portion cut by the cutting blade.

Abstract: Stimulable phosphor sheets are circulated through an image recording section for recording radiation images on the stimulable phosphor sheets, an image read-out section for scanning the stimulable phosphor sheets by stimulating rays and detecting light emitted thereby upon stimulation, and an erasing section for releasing radiation energy remaining in the stimulable phosphor sheets after image read-out. The level of residual radiation energy in each stimulable phosphor sheet ejected from the erasing section is detected and compared with a predetermined value. When a stimulable phosphor sheet detected to exhibit a residual radiation energy level exceeding the predetermined value is fed to the image recording section, the stimulable phosphor sheet is passed through the image recording section without being subjected to image recording.

Abstract: Scanning and synchronizing light beams are deflected by a light deflector. The scanning light beam is used to scan an object surface, whereas the synchronizing light beam is applied to a grid for generating a synchronizing signal to detect the scanning position of the scanning light beam on the object surface. The grid includes a starting point control area, corresponding to a main scanning cycle starting position on the object surface, for modulating the synchronizing light beam applied to the grid so that light having passed through the starting point control area will have a different phase than the light from the other portion of the grid.

Abstract: A radiation image read-out apparatus comprises a microchannel spacial light modulator having a front surface closely contacted with a stimulable phosphor sheet carrying a radiation image stored thereon, and a stimulating ray source for irradiating nearly uniform stimulating rays simultaneously to the overall surface of the stimulable phosphor sheet from the side opposite to the microchannel spacial light modulator with respect to the stimulable phosphor sheet. A reading light source irradiates nearly uniform reading light simultaneously to the overall rear surface of the microchannel spacial light modulator after light emitted by the stimulable phosphor sheet upon exposure to stimulating rays has been detected by the microchannel spacial light modulator. A two-dimensional photodetector detects the reading light reflected and subjected to spacial modulation in accordance with the radiation image by the microchannel spacial light modulator.

Abstract: A photographic film carrier holds a photographic film firm and flat to place picture frames of the photographic film at a position of a photographic apparatus where each picture frame is projected for exposure or inspection. The film carrier is formed with a framing mask opening for holding a picture frame of the photographic film firm and flat in the framing mask opening and is provided with motor driven film transporting rollers for transporting the photographic film. A marking device is disposed downstream of the framing mask opening for forming, in one side margin of the photographic film, a perforation as a cut-mark along which the photographic film is to be cut transversely. A detector is mounted on the film carrier for detecting a transported length of the photographic film including a predetermined number of picture frames. The marking device is actuated by a controller to form a cut-mark when the detector detects a predetermined length of the photographic film.

Abstract: In a method of detecting noise in image signals, noise contained in image signals representing a radiation image, which are obtained by exposing a stimulable phosphor sheet carrying the radiation image stored thereon to stimulating rays, and photoelectrically detecting light emitted by the exposed portion of the stimulable phosphor sheet in proportion to the stored radiation energy, is detected. The method comprises the steps of comparing the image signal a at each remark picture element A with values (b1+T1), (b2+T2), . . . , (bn+Tn) obtained by adding predetermined values T1, T2, . . . , Tn respectively to image signals b1, b2, . . . , bn at picture elements B1, B2, . . . , Bn in the vicinity of the remark picture element A, and recognizing that noise is contained in the image signal a in the case where the image signal a attains a value larger than every one of the values (b1+T1), (b2+T2), . . . , (bn+Tn).

Abstract: An apparatus handles and transports long strip materials between a first processing section, with a first transporting roller assembly which transports a long strip material lengthwise at a first speed therein, and a second processing section with a second transporting roller assembly which transports the long strip material lengthwise at a second speed different from the first speed, the strip material passing through a reservoir section with a guide member disposed between the first and second processing sections for temporarily reserving the long and narrow strip material therein in the form of a loop.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for recording and reading out radiation image information.

Abstract: A cutter for punching a sheet of material having a fixed block disposed so as to face one side of the sheet, a moving blade disposed at the opposite side of the sheet relative to the fixed block, and a transporting roller disposed inside the moving blade. A punched-out portion is thereby transported along with a punched-remainder portion.

Abstract: A signal processing method in autoradiography for determination of the base sequence of DNA or a DNA fragment, employing groups of radioactively labeled base specific cleavage products or mixtures thereof obtained by specifically cleaving the DNA or DNA fragment labeled with a radioactive element and resolved one-dimensionally in parallel relation to each other to form resolved rows on a support medium. An autograph is obtained having locational information on groups of radioactively labeled cleavage products contained in the rows on the support medium. An electrical digital signal corresponding to the autoradiograph are generated by recording and reproducing a radiation image stored in a stimulable phosphor sheet. Sampling points in each resolved row of the digital signal are next detected. Reference sampling points are then determined in a plurality of reference rows which are either directly provided on the support medium and/or synthesized from certain resolved rows.

Abstract: A signal detecting method in autoradiography, which is applied to an autoradiograph having locational information on radioactively labeled substances such as radioactively labeled biopolymers distributed one-dimensionally, being recorded on a radiosensitive material as a visible image,which comprises steps of:(1) preliminarily scanning a part of the radiosensitive material with a light and photoelectrically reading out a portion of the visualized autoradiograph to give an electric signal, to which a signal processing is applied, to determine one-dimensional distribution direction of the radioactively labeled substances; and(2) finally scanning the radiosensitive material with a light along said one-dimensional distribution direction and photoelectrically reading out the visualized autoradiograph, to obtain the locational information on the radioactively labeled substances as a digital signal.

Abstract: An apparatus for recording and reading out radiation image information including a circulatory feed system for feeding stimulable phosphor sheets. Prior to successive recording of images on the stimulable phosphor sheets, any remaining images and dust are erased from the sheets, and the sheets are checked for defects or scratches thereon. Any sheet bearing such a defect is controlled to skip image recording, readout, and erasing steps. The frequency of erasing the remaining image on a stimulable sheet in the erasing step is controlled dependent on the amount of the radiation to which the object is exposed.

Abstract: A signal processing method in autoradiography for determining base sequence of DNA or DNA fragment, employing groups of base-specific synthetic products which are complementary to the DNA or DNA fragment and a labeled with a radioactive element, said groups being resolved one-dimensionally in parallel relation to each other to form resolved rows on a support medium,which comprises a process including:(1) determining on each of the resolved rows a scanning line for signal processing;(2) detecting on each of the resolved rows sampling points on said scanning line; and(3) comparing and identifying the positions of said sampling points on the scanning lines among the resolved rows to obtain locational information on guanine, ademine, thymine and cytosine;said process being applied to digital signals corresponding to an autoradiograph having the locational information on the radioactively labeled synthetic products, said digital signals being obtained by the use of a stimulable phosphor sheet or by the use of a ra

Abstract: A signal processing method in autoradiography for determination of the base sequence of DNA or a DNA fragment, employing groups of radioactively labeled base specific cleavage products or mixtures thereof obtained by specifically cleaving the DNA or DNA fragment labeled with a radioactive element and resolved one-dimensionally in parallel relation to each other to form resolved rows on a support medium. An autograph is obtained having locational information on groups of radioactively labeled cleavage products contained in the rows on the support medium. An electrical digital signal corresponding to the autoradiograph is then generated. Sampling points in each resolved row of the digital signal are next detected. Reference sampling points are then determined in a plurality of reference rows which are either directly provided on resolved row adjacent to the reference row to identify sampling points in adjacent resolved rows.

Abstract: A signal processing method in autoradiography employing a radiosensitive material for the purpose of obtaining information on one dimensional location of radioactively labeled substances distributed in at least one dimensional direction on a support medium, in the form of symbol, numeral or combination thereof, comprising the steps of obtaining a digital signal corresponding to the autoradiograph on a radiosensitive material, by exposing said radiosensitive material to radiation emitted by said radioactively labeled substances on the support medium determining one dimensional scanning line relative to said digital signal; and detecting sampling points on said scanning line, comprising and identifying the positions of said sampling points detected on said scanning line among resolved rows for determining the base sequence of labeled substances.

Abstract: A signal processing method in autoradiography for obtaining information on the one dimensional location of radioactively labeled substances in a sample where the substances of the sample are distributed in at least one row on a support medium where the information is in the form of symbols, numerals or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A method of measuring an after-glow of a stimulable phosphor sheet comprises the step of detecting an instantaneous light emission after-glow emanated by the stimulable phosphor sheet carrying a radiation image stored thereon by use of a photodetector when the stimulable phosphor sheet is being conveyed toward a system for final read-out after preliminary read-out is finished, thereby measuring the level of the after-glow. A method of adjusting radiation image read-out conditions comprises the steps of creating a histogram of preliminary read-out image signals obtained by preliminary read-out, detecting the instantaneous light emission after-glow by a photodetector, obtaining a signal Sx representing the level of the instantaneous light emission after-glow, and adjusting final read-out conditions and/or image processing conditions based on a value calculated by subtracting the value of the signal Sx from a characteristic value of the preliminary read-out image signals in the histogram.