Abstract: [Problem] To reduce a filter penalty caused by narrowing of an optical signal band due to optical filters having a multiplexing/demultiplexing function in an optical transmission line between transponder units. [Solution] In an optical transmission system 10A, transponder units 21a to 21n and 22a to 22n connected by optical fibers 14 in which optical filters having a multiplexing/demultiplexing function of an optical signal are interposed include a transmission unit 22 that transmits the optical signal obtained by modulating laser light from a laser light source 34 with an electric signal from a communication apparatus to the optical fibers 14, and a reception unit 23 that receives the optical signal from the optical fibers 14 and converts the received optical signal into an electric signal. The reception unit 23 includes a BER measurement unit that measures a BER, based on a received signal, and feeds the measured BER back to a transmitting side.

Abstract: An OSNR spectrum estimation apparatus includes an OSNR estimation unit configured to cause an optical node to estimate an OSNR of a predetermined transmission line using a probe light of a predetermined wavelength in a predetermined number of wavelength channels, the predetermined number being less than the number of all wavelength channels; and an OSNR spectrum calculation unit configured to calculate an OSNR spectrum of all the wavelength channels from OSNRs of the predetermined number of wavelength channels measured by the optical node.

Abstract: A fault location in an optical cable at a long distance is easily measured and detected with low-cost equipment in a configuration in which an isolator is disposed in the vicinity of an optical amplifier for improved optical transmission performance and for stabilization. An optical amplifier has a configuration in which multiplexing/demultiplexing units as first WDM filters and that multiplex/demultiplex main signal light and OTDR light and (measurement light) for submarine cable fault measurement transmitted to a submarine cable in opposite directions from a transmission device side and a reception device side, transmit the multiplexed/demultiplexed main signal light to a main path passing through an isolators and an EDF, and transmit the multiplexed/demultiplexed OTDR light to a bypass path bypassing the isolators and the EDF are included on both sides of a set of the isolators and the EDF of the submarine cable.

Abstract: [Problem] A signal distortion generated when a multi-level modulated optical signal is transmitted through an optical transmission path where optical amplifiers are scattered is suppressed and transmission quality is improved. [Solution] An optical transmission system 20 includes Tx 21a to Tx 21n configured to transmit a multi-level modulated optical signal 32 to an optical fiber 25, optical amplifiers 26a to 26f configured to amplify the optical signal 32 transmitted through the optical fiber 25, the optical amplifiers 26a to 26f being scattered on the optical fiber 25, and Rx 24a to Rx 24n configured to receive the amplified optical signal 32 via the optical fiber 25.

Abstract: [Problem] In estimation of an OSNR spectrum of a transmission line, the estimation is made with a small number of measurements and in a short period of time with accuracy maintained. [Solution] An OSNR spectrum estimation apparatus includes an OSNR estimation unit 11 configured to cause an optical node 2 to estimate an OSNR of a predetermined transmission line using a probe light of a predetermined wavelength in a predetermined number of wavelength channels, the predetermined number being less than the number of all wavelength channels; and an OSNR spectrum calculation unit 12 configured to calculate an OSNR spectrum of all the wavelength channels from OSNRs of the predetermined number of wavelength channels measured by the optical node 2.

Abstract: [Problem] To easily measure and detect a failure part of a long-distance optical cable by low-cost equipment in a configuration in which an isolator is disposed in the vicinity of an optical amplifier in order to improve and stabilize optical transmission performance. [Solution] An optical amplifier 50 is configured to be provided with a multiplexing/demultiplexing means as first WDM filters 51a, 51b on both sides of a set of an isolator 40 and an EDF 14 of a submarine cable 13, the first WDM filters multiplexing/demultiplexing OTDR light 35a, 35b (measurement light) for measuring a submarine cable failure sent to the submarine cable 13 in opposite directions from the sides of a sending device and a receiving device, and main signal light 15, transmitting the multiplexed/demultiplexed main signal light 15 to a main path 13 that passes through the isolator 40 and the EDF 14, and transmitting the multiplexed/demultiplexed OTDR light 35a, 35b to a bypass path 52 that bypasses the isolator 40 and the EDF 14.

Abstract: [Problem] To reduce a filter penalty caused by narrowing of an optical signal band due to optical filters having a multiplexing/demultiplexing function in an optical transmission line between transponder units. [Solution] In an optical transmission system 10A, transponder units 21a to 21n and 22a to 22n connected by optical fibers 14 in which optical filters having a multiplexing/demultiplexing function of an optical signal are interposed include a transmission unit 22 that transmits the optical signal obtained by modulating laser light from a laser light source 34 with an electric signal from a communication apparatus to the optical fibers 14, and a reception unit 23 that receives the optical signal from the optical fibers 14 and converts the received optical signal into an electric signal. The reception unit 23 includes a BER measurement unit that measures a BER, based on a received signal, and feeds the measured BER back to a transmitting side.

Abstract: [Problem] A signal distortion generated when a multi-level modulated optical signal is transmitted through an optical transmission path where optical amplifiers are scattered is suppressed and transmission quality is improved. [Solution] An optical transmission system 20 includes Tx 21a to Tx 21n configured to transmit a multi-level modulated optical signal 32 to an optical fiber 25, optical amplifiers 26a to 26f configured to amplify the optical signal 32 transmitted through the optical fiber 25, the optical amplifiers 26a to 26f being scattered on the optical fiber 25, and Rx 24a to Rx 24n configured to receive the amplified optical signal 32 via the optical fiber 25.

Abstract: A motor control system includes a motor control apparatus, a motor, an environment state detector, and an operation state monitor. The motor control apparatus is configured to control feeding of driving power based on a control command. The motor is drivable by the driving power. The environment state detector is configured to detect environment state data of at least one of the motor control apparatus and the motor. The operation state monitor is configured to output, based on the environment state data, an operation margin of an operation state value of the at least one of the motor control apparatus and the motor relative to an operation rated value of the at least one of the motor control apparatus and the motor.

Abstract: A motor control system includes a motor control apparatus, a motor, an environment state detector, and an operation state monitor. The motor control apparatus is configured to control feeding of driving power based on a control command. The motor is drivable by the driving power. The environment state detector is configured to detect environment state data of at least one of the motor control apparatus and the motor. The operation state monitor is configured to output, based on the environment state data, an operation margin of an operation state value of the at least one of the motor control apparatus and the motor relative to an operation rated value of the at least one of the motor control apparatus and the motor.

Abstract: Provided is a font delivery system suppressing an illegal of use the font without sacrificing the time required to display the characters. The font delivery system includes a web server delivering an HTML document, a first delivery font file and a second delivery font file; a document browsing device displaying the HTML document; and a communication line. A browsing control unit of the document browsing device is configured to execute a separation process of separating the first delivery font file into obfuscated information and first divided font data based on keyword information and separating the second delivery font file into salt information and second divided font data; and a combination process of combining the first divided font data and the second divided font data.

Abstract: Provided is a font delivery system suppressing an illegal of use the font without sacrificing the time required to display the characters. The font delivery system includes a web server delivering an HTML document, a first delivery font file and a second delivery font file; a document browsing device displaying the HTML document; and a communication line. A browsing control unit of the document browsing device is configured to execute a separation process of separating the first delivery font file into obfuscated information and first divided font data based on keyword information and separating the second delivery font file into salt information and second divided font data; and a combination process of combining the first divided font data and the second divided font data.

Abstract: The motor driving system includes a driving state amount detector configured to detect a driving state amount, a motor control part configured to perform a power supply control, a higher control part capable of outputting a higher control command to the motor control part, and a safety requesting part that inputs a safety request signal to the motor control part. The motor control part includes a motor control circuit part that performs the power supply control, a mode selecting and executing part configured to select and execute either a first safety function mode or a second safety function mode, and a comparing and monitoring processing part that compares the driving state amount and a predetermined operation monitoring pattern, when the safety request signal is inputted.

Abstract: A method of producing an electrostatic latent image developing toner includes: preparing a resin particle dispersion by polymerizing, in a water-based solvent, a polymerizable monomer that comprises a polymerizable monomer comprising a vinyl-based double bond; extracting a liquid from the resin particle dispersion by heating; mixing the distilled resin particle dispersion with a colorant particle dispersion prepared by dispersing a colorant; and aggregating the resin particles, the pigment particles and a release agent particles to form aggregate particles, and then conducting heating to fuse the aggregate particles.

Abstract: A method of producing an electrostatic latent image developing toner includes: preparing a resin particle dispersion by polymerizing, in a water-based solvent, a polymerizable monomer that comprises a polymerizable monomer comprising a vinyl-based double bond; extracting a liquid from the resin particle dispersion by heating; mixing the distilled resin particle dispersion with a colorant particle dispersion prepared by dispersing a colorant; and aggregating the resin particles, the pigment particles and a release agent particles to form aggregate particles, and then conducting heating to fuse the aggregate particles.

Abstract: The motor driving system includes a driving state amount detector configured to detect a driving state amount, a motor control part configured to perform a power supply control, a higher control part capable of outputting a higher control command to the motor control part, and a safety requesting part that inputs a safety request signal to the motor control part. The motor control part includes a motor control circuit part that performs the power supply control, a mode selecting and executing part configured to select and execute either a first safety function mode or a second safety function mode, and a comparing and monitoring processing part that compares the driving state amount and a predetermined operation monitoring pattern, when the safety request signal is inputted.

Abstract: An electrostatic latent image developing toner is provided for which if surface area values for 1-butanol, ethylbenzene, n-butyl ether, styrene, butyl propionate, cumene, benzaldehyde and propylbenzene obtained from gas chromatographic analysis of volatile gas components generated upon heating the toner are termed, a, b, c, d, e, f, g and h respectively, then Z1 and Z2 satisfy the formulas shown below. Z1=5.2×10?6a+9.6×10?7b+2.7×10?6c?2.5×10?6d+8.7×10?6e+1.5×10?7f+1.1×10?6g+8.3×10?7h?1.81 Z2=6.9×10?6a+4.6×10?6b?3.9×10?7c+2.5×10?6d?2.1×10?5e+2.3×10?7f?6.8×10?7g+1.2×10?6h?1.82 Z1?0, and Z2?0.

Abstract: A magenta toner for developing electrostatic images provided which contains a binder resin and a colorant, wherein the colorant includes a mixed crystal of two or more colorants and when a solid patch is fixed on art paper complying with the ISO standard by using this toner, a resulting fixed image color satisfies at least one of the following formulae (b*)<0.85 (a*)?67.92; and (b*)>?7.94(a*)+591.85. The color difference ?E between the color of the fixed image and the color characterized by L*: 46.6, a*: 75.1 and b*: ?4.4 is preferably less than 6. The colorant is preferably a mixed crystal of a quinacridone colorant and a monoazo colorant. Moreover, the invention provides a method for producing the magenta toner, a developer containing the magenta toner, and an image-forming method using the magenta toner.

Abstract: A developing device for developing an electrostatic latent image, which is formed on an image-bearing body, with a developer which includes a toner and a carrier, the developing device comprises a developing roll, which includes a fixed magnet at an interior portion and a rotatable sleeve at an outer side thereof, and which is disposed to oppose the image-bearing body, rotates while carrying the developer, and conveys the developer to a developing region in a direction opposite to a direction of progress of the image-bearing body for developing the electrostatic latent image formed on the image-bearing body, wherein the developing roll includes a magnetic pole which includes, in a circumferential direction of the developing roll, at least two magnetic flux density peaks with the same polarity in the developing region, one of the magnetic flux density peaks opposing an end portion of the developing region at a downstream side in the direction of progress of the image-bearing body.

Abstract: The present invention provides a toner for electrophotography comprising a binder resin, a coloring agent and a release agent, wherein the toner has a storage modulus G? of 5.0×102 to 1.0×105 Pa at 180° C. and an adhesive force to an aluminum substrate of not more than 50 N/m at 180° C. The invention also provides an image-forming method, which includes charging a surface of an image-bearing body; forming an electrostatic latent image according to image information on the charged surface of the image-bearing body; developing the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the image-bearing body with the toner to provide a toner image; transferring the toner image formed on the surface of the image-bearing body to a surface of a recording medium, and fusing the toner image transferred on the surface of the recording medium.