Abstract: There is disclosed a power conversion apparatus 3 for converting polyphase ac power directly to ac power. A conversion circuit includes first switching devices 311, 313, 315 and second switching devices 312, 314, 316 connected, respectively, with the phases R, S, T of the polyphase ac power, and configured to enable electrical switching operation in both directions. There are provided input lines R, S, T connected with input terminals of the switching devices and output lines P, N connected with output terminals of the switching devices. The output terminals of the first switching devices and the output terminals of the second switching devices are, respectively, arranged in a row. The first switching devices and second switching devices are arranged side by side with respect to a direction of the rows. The output lines are disposed below the input lines in an up and down direction.

Abstract: A power conversion apparatus is for converting polyphase ac power directly to ac power. A conversion circuit includes a plurality of first switching devices 311, 313, 315 and a plurality of second switching devices 312, 314, 316 connected, respectively, with the phases R, S, T of the polyphase ac power, and configured to enable electrical switching operation in both directions. There are provided a plurality of condensers 821˜826 connected with the conversion circuit. At least one of the condensers is provided, for each of the first switching devices and the second switching devices, between two of the phases of the polyphase ac power. It is possible to reduce a wiring distance between the condenser and the switching devices.

Abstract: Provided is a power converter 3 that directly converts polyphase AC power to AC power. A converter circuit has a plurality of first switching elements 311, 313 and 315 that are connected to each phase R, S or T of the polyphase AC power to enable switching for turning on current-carrying bidirectionally, and a plurality of second switching elements 312, 314 and 316 that are connected to each phase to enable switching for turning on current-carrying bidirectionally. The converter circuit comprises input lines R, S and T connected to each input terminal, and output lines P and N connected to each output terminal. Parts of wiring 347 and 348 of protection circuits 32 are located between output lines P and N. The wiring distance between each protection circuit 32 and the corresponding switching element can be shortened.

Abstract: Provided is a power converter 3 that directly converts polyphase AC power to AC power. A converter circuit has a plurality of switching elements 311, 313, 315, 312, 314 and 316 which are connected to each phase R, S or T of the polyphase AC power to enable switching for turning on current-carrying bidirectionally. At least three condensers 821 to 826 are provided between phases of the converter circuit. The three condensers are respectively placed at apexes of a triangle on a plane that is in parallel with a part-mounting surface on which the switching elements are actually mounted. The wiring distance between the condensers and the switching elements can be shortened.

Abstract: Provided is a power converter 3 that directly converts polyphase AC power to AC power. A converter circuit has a plurality of first switching elements 311, 313 and 315 and a plurality of second switching elements 312, 314 and 316, both of which are connected to each phase R, S or T of the polyphase AC power to enable switching for turning on current-carrying bidirectionally. Condensers 821 to 826 are provided between phases. Input terminals of the first switching elements and those of the second switching elements are arranged to form respective lines. Some of the plurality of condensers 821 and 822 are arranged to be angled relative to the arrangement direction of the terminals. The wiring distance between the condensers and the switching elements can be shortened.

Abstract: There is disclosed a power conversion apparatus 3 for converting polyphase ac power directly to ac power. A conversion circuit includes a plurality of first switching devices 311, 313, 315 and a plurality of second switching devices 312, 314, 316 connected, respectively, with the phases R, S, T of the polyphase ac power, and configured to enable electrical switching operation in both directions. Output lines 331, 332 formed by a pair of busbars are connected with the conversion circuit. The first switching devices and the second switching devices are so arranged that output terminals are arranged in a row. The output lines 331, 332 are connected with the output terminals and drawn out rectilinearly in one direction.

Abstract: Provided is a power converter 3 that directly converts polyphase AC power to AC power. A converter circuit has a plurality of first switching elements 311, 313 and 315 that are connected to each phase R, S or T of the polyphase AC power to enable switching for turning on current-carrying bidirectionally, and a plurality of second switching elements 312, 314 and 316 that are connected to each phase to enable switching for turning on current-carrying bidirectionally. The converter circuit comprises input lines R, S and T connected to each input terminal, and output lines P and N connected to each output terminal. Parts of wiring 347 and 348 of protection circuits 32 are located between output lines P and N. The wiring distance between each protection circuit 32 and the corresponding switching element can be shortened.

Abstract: There is disclosed a power conversion apparatus 3 for converting polyphase ac power directly to ac power. A conversion circuit includes a plurality of first switching devices 311, 313, 315 and a plurality of second switching devices 312, 314, 316 connected, respectively, with the phases R, S, T of the polyphase ac power, and configured to enable electrical switching operation in both directions. Output lines 331, 332 formed by a pair of busbars are connected with the conversion circuit. The first switching devices and the second switching devices are so arranged that output terminals are arranged in a row. The output lines 331, 332 are connected with the output terminals and drawn out rectilinearly in one direction.

Abstract: There is disclosed a power conversion apparatus 3 for converting polyphase ac power directly to ac power. A conversion circuit includes first switching devices 311, 313, 315 and second switching devices 312, 314, 316 connected, respectively, with the phases R, S, T of the polyphase ac power, and configured to enable electrical switching operation in both directions. There are provided input lines R, S, T connected with input terminals of the switching devices and output lines P, N connected with output terminals of the switching devices. The output terminals of the first switching devices and the output terminals of the second switching devices are, respectively, arranged in a row. The first switching devices and second switching devices are arranged side by side with respect to a direction of the rows. The output lines are disposed below the input lines in an up and down direction.

Abstract: Provided is a power converter 3 that directly converts polyphase AC power to AC power. A converter circuit has a plurality of switching elements 311, 313, 315, 312, 314 and 316 which are connected to each phase R, S or T of the polyphase AC power to enable switching for turning on current-carrying bidirectionally. At least three condensers 821 to 826 are provided between phases of the converter circuit. The three condensers are respectively placed at apexes of a triangle on a plane that is in parallel with a part-mounting surface on which the switching elements are actually mounted. The wiring distance between the condensers and the switching elements can be shortened.

Abstract: A power conversion apparatus is for converting polyphase ac power directly to ac power. A conversion circuit includes a plurality of first switching devices 311, 313, 315 and a plurality of second switching devices 312, 314, 316 connected, respectively, with the phases R, S, T of the polyphase ac power, and configured to enable electrical switching operation in both directions. There are provided a plurality of condensers 821˜826 connected with the conversion circuit. At least one of the condensers is provided, for each of the first switching devices and the second switching devices, between two of the phases of the polyphase ac power. It is possible to reduce a wiring distance between the condenser and the switching devices.

Abstract: Provided is a power converter 3 that directly converts polyphase AC power to AC power. A converter circuit has a plurality of first switching elements 311, 313 and 315 and a plurality of second switching elements 312, 314 and 316, both of which are connected to each phase R, S or T of the polyphase AC power to enable switching for turning on current-carrying bidirectionally. Condensers 821 to 826 are provided between phases. Input terminals of the first switching elements and those of the second switching elements are arranged to form respective lines. Some of the plurality of condensers 821 and 822 are arranged to be angled relative to the arrangement direction of the terminals. The wiring distance between the condensers and the switching elements can be shortened.

Abstract: A strut-type suspension apparatus for a vehicle has a lower arm composed of a lateral arm (31) and a compression arm (60). One end of the lateral arm is swingably connected to a hub carrier that supports the wheel (1), and the other end thereof is swingably connected to a vehicle body (2). One end of the compression arm is swingably connected to the lateral arm at a first junction (50, 54) at the hub-carrier-side end portion of the lateral arm, and the other end thereof is swingably connected to the vehicle body at a second junction (70) separated from the other end of the lateral arm in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. When an external force acts on the wheel, the other end of the compression arm is displaced along a straight line connecting the first and second junctions. The suspension apparatus is compact and highly durable.

Abstract: A control method and an apparatus therefor, in which the braking force distribution to rear wheels is increased in a normal state, while the braking force distribution to the rear wheels is reduced to prevent the rear wheels from being locked in an early stage when the road surface is slippery. There are provided a pressure sensor (74) for detecting a master cylinder pressure, proportioning valves (57.sub.1, 57.sub.2) arranged in passages which connect a master cylinder and rear wheel cylinders and adapted to operate so that the ratios of the wheel cylinder pressures to the master cylinder pressure are low in a region where the master cylinder pressure is not lower than a predetermined pressure, normally-open switching valves (62, 63) by-passing the two valves, and a controller (71).

Abstract: A rear wheel braking force control apparatus of a vehicle includes a pressure sensor 74 for detecting master cylinder pressure, right and left proportioning valves 57.sub.1 and 57.sub.2 individually disposed in passages for transmitting master cylinder pressure to right and left wheel cylinders of the rear wheels for controlling to decrease changes in wheel cylinder pressure relative to changes in master cylinder pressure, right and left PCV bypass valves 62 and 63 for individually bypassing the proportioning valves, and a controller 71 which, when the vehicle is determined by a steering angle sensor 77 or the like to be turning, closes the PCV bypass valve at the outer wheel side when the master cylinder pressure is higher than the pressure of the PCV bypass valve at the inner wheel side.

Abstract: When a master cylinder pressure detected by way of a pressure sensor (74) attains a level not lower than a target pressure (P.sub.OK), normally-open on-off valves (62, 63) for by-passing proportioning control valves (57.sub.1, 57.sub.2) are opened. If the slip factor of rear wheels, calculated by way of a slip factor calculation section (121), is not lower than a predetermined value, the on-off valves (64, 66) are opened to allow the rear wheel cylinder pressure to escape to accumulators (65, 67). Thus, if there is enough room for the increase of the braking force on the rear wheels, the rear wheel braking force can be increased to reduce the share of the front wheel braking force, depending on braking conditions, such as the road surface conditions, vehicle running conditions, etc. Further the rear wheels can be prevented from being locked.

Abstract: A first target value is set as an initial value of split point pressure, a master cylinder pressure is set as a second target value of split point pressure in a memory when ABS valves (17, 20, and 23) are operated, thereafter when a sign of locking of the rear wheels is detected, the target value is reduced even further and set in the memory, the target value is maintained for a predetermined time by timer control at every setting of a new target value, and when a braking deceleration generated while the target value is maintained in the memory, a controller (37) controls so that the target value is increased after the completion of braking. When the master cylinder pressure is higher than the target value stored in the memory, proportioning valves (26 and 27) are closed to decrease a ratio of the rear wheel braking force to the front wheel braking force, thereby always achieving appropriate control over the rear wheel braking force allocation.

Abstract: A pigment dispersing agent comprising the reaction product of a polyester having a free carboxyl group, of which the acid value is in the range of from 10 to 60, with an amine compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are alkylene radicals which can be the same or different, each containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and R.sub.3 is a radical of the formula CH.sub.3 -- or C.sub.2 H.sub.5 --, wherein said reaction being conducted in the range of from 0.8 to 1.0 of equivalent molar ratio of the amino groups having active hydrogen of said amine compound to the free carboxyl groups of said polyester.Application of the dispersing agent to nonaqueous paint or printing inks enables pigments to be dispersed in the vehicle at higher concentrations with low viscosity than in the prior art, and the dispersions thus obtained exhibit high coloring power and excellent storage stability.