Abstract: The present invention is a thermosetting silicon-containing material containing one or more of a repeating unit shown by the following general formula (Sx-1), a repeating unit shown by the following general formula (Sx-2), and a partial structure shown by the following general formula (Sx-3): where R1 represents an iodine-containing organic group; and R2 and R3 are each independently identical to R1, a hydrogen atom, or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms. This provides: a thermosetting silicon-containing material used for forming a resist underlayer film which is capable of contributing to sensitivity enhancement of an upper layer resist while keeping LWR thereof from degrading; a composition for forming a silicon-containing resist underlayer film, the composition containing the thermosetting silicon-containing material; and a patterning process using the composition.

Abstract: A multi-antenna apparatus for controlling transmission and reception of signals based on channel estimation includes: a signal transmitter configured to transmit a first signal using a multi-antenna; a signal receiver configured to receive a second signal using the multi-antenna based on the transmitted first signal; a signal transferrer configured to receive a third signal received from the signal transmitter and provide the third signal to the signal receiver; and a controller configured to estimate a channel state of the multi-antenna based on the second signal and the third signal obtained from the signal receiver, and control transmission and reception of signals through the multi-antenna according to the estimated channel state.

Abstract: A multi-antenna apparatus for controlling transmission and reception of signals based on channel estimation includes: a signal transmitter configured to transmit a first signal using a multi-antenna; a signal receiver configured to receive a second signal using the multi-antenna based on the transmitted first signal; a signal transferrer configured to receive a third signal received from the signal transmitter and provide the third signal to the signal receiver; and a controller configured to estimate a channel state of the multi-antenna based on the second signal and the third signal obtained from the signal receiver, and control transmission and reception of signals through the multi-antenna according to the estimated channel state.

Abstract: Disclosed is an antenna apparatus which can control directivity of a plurality of radiation elements using one parasitic element. The antenna apparatus includes two radiation elements arranged on a base parallel to each other, and a parasitic element disposed between the two radiation elements. Radiation directivity of the two radiation elements is controlled according to the length of the parasitic element. This configuration provides a small-sized antenna apparatus including a plurality of radiators with desired directivity.

Abstract: A multi-input multi-output (MIMO) radio communication apparatus and method are provided. The MIMO apparatus includes a plurality of reception antennas each having a plurality of antenna patterns; a channel matrix estimation unit for estimating a channel matrix between a plurality of transmission antennas and the plurality of reception antennas; a channel capacity calculation unit for calculating a channel capacity corresponding to a combination of antenna patterns of the plurality of reception antennas by using the estimated channel matrix; and an antenna pattern control unit for changing the antenna patterns of the plurality of reception antennas to maximize the channel capacity. According to the MIMO radio communication apparatus and method, direction can be controlled adaptively to a propagation environment.

Abstract: An antenna device including a circuit board; a pair of first antenna elements disposed symmetrically to each other about both wide surfaces of the circuit board and a pair of second antenna elements disposed symmetrically to each other about the both wide surfaces of the circuit board; a feeding terminal installed on each of the first antenna elements and each of the second antenna elements; and; and a feeding controller which feeds power selectively to at least one of the first and second antenna elements.

Abstract: Provided is a portable wireless apparatus having a reduced leakage current. The apparatus includes an antenna having an antenna ground plate on which is disposed an antenna element a circuit ground plate having a larger size than the antenna ground plate and included in a circuit substrate, and a connecting conductor connecting the antenna ground plate with the circuit ground plate.

Abstract: Disclosed is an antenna apparatus which can control directivity of a plurality of radiation elements using one parasitic element. The antenna apparatus includes two radiation elements arranged on a base parallel to each other, and a parasitic element disposed between the two radiation elements. Radiation directivity of the two radiation elements is controlled according to the length of the parasitic element. This configuration provides a small-sized antenna apparatus including a plurality of radiators with desired directivity.

Abstract: An antenna device including a circuit board; a pair of first antenna elements disposed symmetrically to each other about both wide surfaces of the circuit board and a pair of second antenna elements disposed symmetrically to each other about the both wide surfaces of the circuit board; a feeding terminal installed on each of the first antenna elements and each of the second antenna elements; and; and a feeding controller which feeds power selectively to at least one of the first and second antenna elements.

Abstract: Provided is a portable wireless apparatus having a reduced leakage current. The apparatus includes an antenna having an antenna ground plate on which is disposed an antenna element a circuit ground plate having a larger size than the antenna ground plate and included in a circuit substrate, and a connecting conductor connecting the antenna ground plate with the circuit ground plate.

Abstract: A multi-input multi-output (MIMO) radio communication apparatus and method are provided. The MIMO apparatus includes a plurality of reception antennas each having a plurality of antenna patterns; a channel matrix estimation unit for estimating a channel matrix between a plurality of transmission antennas and the plurality of reception antennas; a channel capacity calculation unit for calculating a channel capacity corresponding to a combination of antenna patterns of the plurality of reception antennas by using the estimated channel matrix; and an antenna pattern control unit for changing the antenna patterns of the plurality of reception antennas to maximize the channel capacity. According to the MIMO radio communication apparatus and method, direction can be controlled adaptively to a propagation environment.

Abstract: A composite material includes an SiC porous ceramic sintered body, which is formed by preliminarily sintering a porous body, having a coefficient of thermal expansion lower than the coefficient of thermal expansion of copper to construct a network therein. A copper alloy impregnating the porous ceramic sintered body includes copper and one or more additive elements which are prepared to impart a coefficient of thermal conductivity of 160 W/mK or higher to the composite material. The additive elements include up to 5% of at least one element selected from Be, Al, Si, Mg, Ti, Ni, Bi, Te, Zn, Pb, Sn, and mish metal, and also contain unavoidable impurities and gas components.

Abstract: Graphite is placed in a case, and the case is set in a furnace. The interior of the furnace is subjected to sintering to produce a porous sintered member of graphite. After that, the case with the porous sintered member therein is taken out of the furnace, and is set in a recess of a press machine. Subsequently, molten metal of metal is poured into the case, and then a punch is inserted into the recess to forcibly press the molten metal in the case downwardly. Open pores of the porous sintered member are infiltrated with the molten metal of the metal by the pressing treatment with the punch.

Abstract: A mass of graphite is placed into a case, and the case is put into a furnace (step S301). The space in the furnace is heated to produce a porous sintered body of graphite (step S302). Thereafter, the case with the porous sintered body contained therein is removed from the furnace, and put into a cavity in a press (step S303). Then, a molten mass of a metal is poured into the case (step S304), and a punch is inserted into the cavity to press the molten metal into the porous sintered body in the case (step S305).

Abstract: A planar inverted F antenna with stable radiation characteristics, which is not vulnerable to ambient influence, having, an insulator, a radiation device formed on one surface of the insulator and a grounding plate formed on the other surface thereof. A coaxial cable has a central conductor electrically connected to the radiation device and an outer conductor electrically connected to the grounding plate at two points spaced from each other by approximately a quarter of the wavelength of current flowing through the outer conductor. If leakage current flows along the outer conductor, the leakage current is negated by an inverse-phase current flowing through the grounding plate.

Abstract: A mass of graphite is placed into a case, and the case is put into a furnace (step S301). The space in the furnace is heated to produce a porous sintered body of graphite (step S302). Thereafter, the case with the porous sintered body contained therein is removed from the furnace, and put into a cavity in a press (step S303). Then, a molten mass of a metal is poured into the case (step S304), and a punch is inserted into the cavity to press the molten metal into the porous sintered body in the case (step S305).

Abstract: A composite material has SiC produced by preliminarily sintering a porous body having a coefficient of thermal expansion lower than the coefficient of thermal expansion of copper to construct a network therein, the SiC being impregnated with a copper alloy. The copper alloy comprises copper and one or more additive elements which are prepared to impart a coefficient of thermal conductivity of 160 W/mK or higher to the composite material. The additive elements comprise up to 5% of at least one element selected from Be, Al, Si, Mg, Ti, Ni, Bi, Te, Zn, Pb, Sn, and mish metal, and also contains unavoidable impurities and gas components.

Abstract: A high-pressure vessel is allowed to be in an initial state, and a first chamber is disposed downward. Copper or copper alloy is placed in the first chamber, and SiC is set in a second chamber. The high-pressure vessel is tightly sealed, and then the inside of the high-pressure vessel is subjected to vacuum suction through a suction pipe. An electric power is applied to a heater to heat and melt the copper or copper alloy in the first chamber. At a stage at which the molten copper in the first chamber arrives at a predetermined temperature, the high-pressure vessel is inverted by 180 degrees to give a state in which SiC is immersed in the molten copper. An impregnating gas is introduced into the high-pressure vessel through a gas inlet pipe to apply a pressure to the inside of the high-pressure vessel. Thus, SiC is impregnated with the molten copper.

Abstract: A planar inverted F antenna with stable radiation characteristics, which is not vulnerable to ambient influence, having, an insulator, a radiation device formed on one surface of the insulator and a grounding plate formed on the other surface thereof. A coaxial cable has a central conductor electrically connected to the radiation device and an outer conductor electrically connected to the grounding plate at two points spaced from each other by approximately a quarter of the wavelength of current flowing through the outer conductor. If leakage current flows along the outer conductor, the leakage current is negated by an inverse-phase current flowing through the grounding plate.

Abstract: The invention discloses a 4-line type helical antenna with a simple structure, which can obtain a uniform antenna gain even at a low elevation angle, has a radiation pattern that is not affected even when the antenna is mounted on the chassis of an automobile. The helical antenna comprises a circular cone having a metal surface interposed between an antenna body for transmitting and receiving radio waves to/from a satellite and a satellite terminal for transmitting and receiving the radio waves to/from the antenna body, wherein the circular cone reflects the radio waves of the antenna body. The antenna body has antenna conductors that are spirally formed thereon, and the circular cone is tapered at a predetermined angle so as to uniformly reflect the radio waves of the antenna body. The circular cone is fixed to one end of the antenna body in such way that the tapered angle of the circular cone should be uniformly allocated with respect to an axis of the antenna body.