Abstract: A lighting device includes a light guide plate having an edge surface, a light source arranged opposite the edge surface of the light guide plate and emitting light toward the edge surface, and a light source board on which the light source is mounted and that includes a light guide plate overlapping section overlapping the light guide plate, and at least a part of the light guide plate overlapping section is welded to the light guide plate at a welded section.

Abstract: A speed measuring device with an optical coherence tomography is provided. The speed measuring device includes an optical coherence tomography that obtains an tomographic image of a sample, a motion contrast calculator, a waveform creator that creates a motion contrast wave indicating chronological change of motion contrast, a time lag calculator, a distance calculator that calculates the blood vessel distance in a sample, and a speed calculator that calculates speed of a pulse wave transmitted inside the blood vessel.

Abstract: An ophthalmologic apparatus comprises a light source 12, an optical measurement system 13 that radiates first light from the light source to inside an eye to be examined and guides first reflected light from the eye, an optical reference system (24, 22) that radiates second light from the light source to a reference surface and guides second reflected light from the reference surface, a photo detector 26 that detects interfering light between the first reflected light from the optical measurement system and the second reflected light from the optical reference system, and a processor that determines a position of a measuring portion of the inside of the eye based on the detected interfering light. The optical measurement system comprises an incident angle changing member 46 that changes an incident angle of the first light radiated to the eye within a predetermined angular range relative to an axis of vision of the eye.

Abstract: An ophthalmologic apparatus comprises a light source 12, an optical measurement system 13 that radiates first light from the light source to inside an eye to be examined and guides first reflected light from the eye, an optical reference system (24, 22) that radiates second light from the light source to a reference surface and guides second reflected light from the reference surface, a photo detector 26 that detects interfering light between the first reflected light from the optical measurement system and the second reflected light from the optical reference system, and a processor that determines a position of a measuring portion of the inside of the eye based on the detected interfering light. The optical measurement system comprises an incident angle changing member 46 that changes an incident angle of the first light radiated to the eye within a predetermined angular range relative to an axis of vision of the eye.

Abstract: An optical coherence tomography includes a light source, a light separator, a light generator configured to generate interference light, a detector configured to detect the interference light, a first optical element, and at least one of second optical elements comprising a pair of surfaces, and performs forming a tomographic image of a subject. The first optical element is arranged on a measurement light path so as to be closest to the subject, and satisfies at least one of following conditional formulas: ?(W?S)<U?2Z<X?W;??[a2] U?2Z<?W; and??[b1] U?2Z>X?W+S,??[c2] W: a predetermined operation distance U: a depth of interest S: a range of interest X: a distance which is greater than W+U+S and minimal among distance(s) between the pair of surfaces Z: a shallowest position of the area of interest relative to an origin position.

Abstract: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) apparatuses and methods include a first electro-magnetic radiation (EMR) source providing EMR to a first optical path associated with a sample and a second optical path associated with a reference. A multi-beam generator unit (MBGU) generates first and second EMR beams having different wavelength contents. A scanning system illuminates the sample with the first and second EMR beams, at a first and second time, at a first and second location. An interference module generates interference signals based on received EMR returning from the reference and the first and second EMR beams returning from the sample. A detector generates detection signals based on received interference signals and a processor generates OCT data based on the processed detection signals. In some embodiments, three EMR beams having different wavelength contents with linearly independent vectors illuminate at least one same location of the sample.

Abstract: An ophthalmic device capable of obtaining B-scan graphical images at high speed while eliminating positional displacement due to movement of a subject eye. The device includes: anterior eye image obtaining means configured to obtain an image of an anterior eye of a subject eye; eye fundus image obtaining means configured to obtain an image of an eye fundus of the subject eye; and control means configured to detect a moving distance of the subject eye in the anterior eye image using means configured to calculate correlation between a moving distance of the subject eye in the anterior eye image and a moving distance in the eye fundus image, and to control a position for imaging of the eye fundus image based on the detected moving distance of the subject eye and the calculated correlation.

Abstract: An optical coherence tomography includes a light source, a light separator, a light generator configured to generate interference light, a detector configured to detect the interference light, a first optical element, and at least one of second optical elements comprising a pair of surfaces, and performs forming a tomographic image of a subject. The first optical element is arranged on a measurement light path so as to be closest to the subject, and satisfies at least one of following conditional formulas: ?(W?S)<U?2Z<X?W; ??[a2] U?2Z<?W; and ??[b1] U?2Z>X?W+S, ??[c2] W: a predetermined operation distance U: a depth of interest S: a range of interest X: a distance which is greater than W+U+S and minimal among distance(s) between the pair of surfaces Z: a shallowest position of the area of interest relative to an origin position.

Abstract: A speed measuring device with an optical coherence tomography is provided. The speed measuring device includes an optical coherence tomography that obtains an tomographic image of a sample, a motion contrast calculator, a waveform creator that creates a motion contrast wave indicating chronological change of motion contrast, a time lag calculator, a distance calculator that calculates the blood vessel distance in a sample, and a speed calculator that calculates speed of a pulse wave transmitted inside the blood vessel.

Abstract: An ophthalmic device capable of obtaining B-scan graphical images at high speed while eliminating positional displacement due to movement of a subject eye. The device includes: anterior eye image obtaining means configured to obtain an image of an anterior eye of a subject eye; eye fundus image obtaining means configured to obtain an image of an eye fundus of the subject eye; and control means configured to detect a moving distance of the subject eye in the anterior eye image using means configured to calculate correlation between a moving distance of the subject eye in the anterior eye image and a moving distance in the eye fundus image, and to control a position for imaging of the eye fundus image based on the detected moving distance of the subject eye and the calculated correlation.

Abstract: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) apparatuses and methods include a first electro-magnetic radiation (EMR) source providing EMR to a first optical path associated with a sample and a second optical path associated with a reference. A multi-beam generator unit (MBGU) generates first and second EMR beams having different wavelength contents. A scanning system illuminates the sample with the first and second EMR beams, at a first and second time, at a first and second location. An interference module generates interference signals based on received EMR returning from the reference and the first and second EMR beams returning from the sample. A detector generates detection signals based on received interference signals and a processor generates OCT data based on the processed detection signals. In some embodiments, three EMR beams having different wavelength contents with linearly independent vectors illuminate at least one same location of the sample.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for optical coherence tomography. The method includes orienting a first optical path in a first selected orientation in space relative to a second optical path, having lights of the first optical path and the second optical path with no preferential polarization direction relationship. A sample is scanned with light from the first optical path and the second optical path. Light returning from the sample is directed, along the first optical path and the second optical path, to an optical pathway leading to a processing system. The processing system is configured to perform optical coherence tomography motion analysis based on interferences between at least one reference light and at least two lights returning from the sample, at two different instants, and from nearby scanned locations.

Abstract: An optical coherence tomography apparatus includes a multi-beam configuration unit comprising at least a first optical path having a first numerical aperture and a second optical path having a second numerical aperture. The multi-beam configuration unit orients the second optical path in a selected orientation in space relative to the first optical path. A scan system illuminates a sample with non-polarized light received from the multi-beam configuration unit and directs light returning from the sample to the first optical path and the second optical path. The multi-beam configuration unit directs light returning from the sample, along the first optical path and the second optical path, to an optical pathway leading to a processing system. The processing system performs optical coherence tomography motion analysis based on interference between light returning from the sample and a first reference signal.

Abstract: An ophthalmologic apparatus comprises a light source 12, an optical measurement system 13 that radiates first light from the light source to inside an eye to be examined and guides first reflected light from the eye, an optical reference system (24, 22) that radiates second light from the light source to a reference surface and guides second reflected light from the reference surface, a photo detector 26 that detects interfering light between the first reflected light from the optical measurement system and the second reflected light from the optical reference system, and a processor that determines a position of a measuring portion of the inside of the eye based on the detected interfering light. The optical measurement system comprises an incident angle changing member 46 that changes an incident angle of the first light radiated to the eye within a predetermined angular range relative to an axis of vision of the eye.

Abstract: An ophthalmologic apparatus comprises a light source 12, an optical measurement system 13 that radiates first light from the light source to inside an eye to be examined and guides first reflected light from the eye, an optical reference system (24, 22) that radiates second light from the light source to a reference surface and guides second reflected light from the reference surface, a photo detector 26 that detects interfering light between the first reflected light from the optical measurement system and the second reflected light from the optical reference system, and a processor that determines a position of a measuring portion of the inside of the eye based on the detected interfering light. The optical measurement system comprises an incident angle changing member 46 that changes an incident angle of the first light radiated to the eye within a predetermined angular range relative to an axis of vision of the eye.

Abstract: An optical coherence tomography apparatus includes a multi-beam configuration unit comprising at least a first optical path having a first numerical aperture and a second optical path having a second numerical aperture. The multi-beam configuration unit orients the second optical path in a selected orientation in space relative to the first optical path. A scan system illuminates a sample with non-polarized light received from the multi-beam configuration unit and directs light returning from the sample to the first optical path and the second optical path. The multi-beam configuration unit directs light returning from the sample, along the first optical path and the second optical path, to an optical pathway leading to a processing system. The processing system performs optical coherence tomography motion analysis based on interference between light returning from the sample and a first reference signal.

Abstract: An ophthalmologic apparatus comprises a light source 12, an optical measurement system 13 that radiates first light from the light source to inside an eye to be examined and guides first reflected light from the eye, an optical reference system (24, 22) that radiates second light from the light source to a reference surface and guides second reflected light from the reference surface, a photo detector 26 that detects interfering light between the first reflected light from the optical measurement system and the second reflected light from the optical reference system, and a processor that determines a position of a measuring portion of the inside of the eye based on the detected interfering light. The optical measurement system comprises an incident angle changing member 46 that changes an incident angle of the first light radiated to the eye within a predetermined angular range relative to an axis of vision of the eye.

Abstract: Provided is a multistage method and apparatus for concentrating a solution by reverse osmosis, comprising the steps and means for: maximizing the concentration of absolute in a solution in a multistage apparatus having only standard capacity pumps, including steps of providing first concentrating means for concentrating a solution to a first concentration, said first concentrating means comprising at least one concentrating unit which positioned upstream with respect to a direction in which a solution to be concentrated flows, and providing second concentrating means for concentrating the solution that has been concentrated by first concentrating means to a second concentration which is higher than said first concentrating means comprising at least one concentrating unit which is positioned downstream with respect to said direction; said concentrating units comprising consisting essentially of respective membrane modules and respective standard capacity pumps, the membrane module of the concentrating unit of

Abstract: Provided is a multistage method and apparatus for concentrating a solution by reverse osmosis, comprising the steps and means for: maximizing the concentration of absolute in a solution in a multistage apparatus having only standard capacity pumps, including steps of providing first concentrating means for concentrating a solution to a first concentration, said first concentrating means comprising a least one concentrating unit which positioned upstream with respect to a direction in which a solution to be concentrated flows, and providing second concentrating means for concentrating the solution that has been concentrated by first concentrating means to a second concentration which is higher than said first concentrating means comprising at least one concentrating unit which is positioned downstream with respect to said direction; said concentrating units comprising consisting essentially of respective membrane modules and respective standard capacity pumps, the membrane module of the concentrating unit of s