Abstract: A process for preparing dimethyl ether or a mixture of dimethyl ether and methanol including passing a raw gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen through a catalyst slurry containing a mixture including (a) a medium oil having as a main component, a branched, saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon having 16 to 50 carbon atoms, 1 to 7 tertiary carbon atoms, 0 quaternary carbon atoms, and 1 to 16 carbon atoms in the branched chains bonded to the tertiary carbon atom; and at least one of the tertiary carbon atoms is bonded to hydrocarbon chains with a chain length having 4 or more of carbon atoms in three directions, (b) a methanol synthesis catalyst; (c) a methanol dehydration catalyst; and (d) a methanol shift catalyst or a methanol dehydration/shift catalyst.

Abstract: A medium oil to be used for a synthesis reaction in a slurry-bed reaction procedure. The medium oil has as a main component, a branched, saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon having 16 to 50 carbon atoms, 1 to 7 tertiary carbon atoms, 0 quaternary carbon atoms, and 1 to 16 carbon atoms in the branched chains bonded to the tertiary carbon atoms; and at least one of the tertiary carbon atoms is bonded to hydrocarbon chains with a chain length having 4 or more carbon atoms in three directions, wherein the synthesis reaction in the slurry-bed reaction procedure comprises producing an oxygen-containing organic compound from a raw gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

Abstract: A medium oil to be used for a synthesis reaction in a slurry-bed reaction procedure. The medium oil has as a main component, a branched, saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon having 16 to 50 carbon atoms, 1 to 7 tertiary carbon atoms, 0 quaternary carbon atoms, and 1 to 16 carbon atoms in the branched chains bonded to the tertiary carbon atoms; and at least one of the tertiary carbon atoms is bonded to hydrocarbon chains with a chain length having 4 or more carbon atoms in three directions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing a synthesis gas containing no hydrocarbon and reduced concentration of carbon dioxide among the produced synthesis gas. The process according to the present invention comprises reforming the gas generated by partial combustion of hydrocarbon using a catalyst in a furnace for generating the synthesis gas mounted on a catalyst layer inside the furnace, and producing the synthesis gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide as a main components, and is characterized in that the temperature at outlet of the catalyst layer ranges from 1100 to 1300° C. and the concentration of carbon dioxide in the produced synthesis gas is not more than 10% by volume.

Abstract: A catalyst for producing dimethyl ether which comprises alumina particles having an average size of 200 ?m or less and a methanol synthesis catalyst layer formed around the alumina particles. The methanol synthesis catalyst is in an amount of 0.05 to 5 parts by weight to 1 part by weight of the alumina particles. Dimethyl ether is produced by the method of forming a slurry by introducing the catalyst into a solvent and introducing a mixed gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen into the slurry.

Abstract: (a) A medium oil wherein a main component is a hydrocarbon, and the number of paraffinic carbon atoms is 70% or more with respect to a total number of carbon atoms, (b) a medium oil wherein a main component is a polybutene, (c) a medium oil wherein a main component is a mixture of hydrocarbons of the formula (1): CH3—C(CH3)2—[—CH2—C(CH3)2—]n—CH2—R ??(1) wherein R is —CH(CH3)2 or —C(CH3)?CH2, and n is 1 to 10, (d) a medium oil wherein a main component is a hydrocarbon prepared by a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, or (e) a medium oil wherein a main component is a branched paraffinic hydrocarbon prepared by hydrogenolysis of a hydrocarbon prepared by a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, and a process of producing dimethyl ether using the medium oil, are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for producing dimethyl ether comprising forming a slurry by introducing a catalyst for producing dimethyl ether into a solvent and introducing a mixed gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen into the slurry.

Abstract: A catalyst for producing dimethyl ether which comprises alumina particles having an average size of 200 ?m or less and a methanol synthesis catalyst layer formed around the alumina particles. The methanol synthesis catalyst is in an amount of 0.05 to 5 parts by weight to 1 part by weight of the alumina particles. Dimethyl ether is produced by the method of forming a slurry by introducing the catalyst into a solvent and introducing a mixed gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen into the slurry.

Abstract: A method for producing dimethyl ether comprising: (a) reacting a raw material gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst to produce a reaction gas including dimethyl ether, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen; (b) separating the reaction gas from step (a) into carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and into dimethyl ether carbon dioxide; (c) recycling to step (a) the carbon monoxide and the hydrogen which were separated from the reaction gas in step (b); (d) removing the carbon dioxide from the dimethyl ether and the carbon dioxide from step (b) to obtain the dimethyl ether; and the (e) recycling the dimethyl ether from step (d) to step (b).

Abstract: An apparatus for producing dimethyl ether comprising: a slurry-bed reactor filled with a dimethyl ether synthesis catalyst and a medium oil therefor; a condenser for condensing a gasified medium oil discharged from the reactor; an adsorber for removing a catalyst-deactivation ingredient from the medium oil condensed in the condenser; and recycle means for recycling the medium oil to the slurry-bed reactor.

Abstract: This invention provides a catalyst for producing hydrogen gas from a mixed gas comprising dimethyl ether and water vapor or carbon dioxide gas, which comprises copper, iron, cobalt, palladium, iridium, platinum, rhodium, or nickel as an active component, and a method of producing synthesis gas or hydrogen gas in a high yield at a low temperature. By using the catalyst, fuel cell, electricity generation, reduction of iron ore and the like can be carried out.

Abstract: This invention provides a catalyst for producing hydrogen gas from a mixed gas comprising dimethyl ether and water vapor or carbon dioxide gas, which comprises copper, iron, cobalt, palladium, iridium, platinum, rhodium, or nickel as an active component, and a method of producing synthesis gas or hydrogen gas in a high yield at a low temperature. By using the catalyst, a fuel cell, electricity generation, reduction of iron ore and the like can be carried out.

Abstract: A method for disposing synthetic resinous material comprises: dechlorinating a synthetic resinous material by heating the synthetic resinous material and decomposing the same; and supplying the synthetic resinous material into the furnace as a fuel or a reducing agent. An apparatus comprises: a chlorine removing means for dechlorinating the synthetic resinous material by heating the synthetic resinous material; and a pulverizer for pulverizing the dechlorinated synthetic resinous material, a supply means for supplying the processed synthetic resinous material into a furnace.

Abstract: A method for producing dimethyl ether by forming a slurry by introducing a catalyst into a solvent and introducing a mixed gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen into the slurry. The catalyst comprises alumina particles having an average size of 200 .mu.m or less and a methanol synthesis catalyst layer formed around each of the alumina particles. The methanol synthesis catalyst has a weight ratio of 0.05 to 5 to a weight of the alumina particles. The catalyst is produced by forming a layer comprising a methanol synthesis catalyst around each of the alumina particles.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a scrap melting process for the production of molten iron from scrap (as the source of iron) and of high-calorie exhaust gas (as a valuable fuel gas) from pulverized coal (as the principal source of heat and a partial source of high-calorie exhaust gas) and waste plastics (as the principal source of high-calorie exhaust gas and a partial source of heat). The process comprises charging a shaft furnace (equipped with a burner at the tuyere) with scrap (as the iron source) and coke and optional waste plastics from the furnace top and injecting pulverized coal (or pulverized coal plus waste plastics) and oxygen through the burner under specific conditions, so as to mix together pulverized coal (or pulverized coal plus waste plastics) and oxygen, thereby achieving rapid combustion of pulverized coal etc.

Abstract: A method for disposing synthetic resinous material comprises: dechlorinating a synthetic resinous material by heating the synthetic resinous material and decomposing the same; and supplying the synthetic resinous material into the furnace as a fuel or a reducing agent. An apparatus comprises: a chlorine removing means for dechlorinating the synthetic resinous material by heating the synthetic resinous material; and a pulverizer for pulverizing the dechlorinated synthetic resinous material, a supply means for supplying the processed synthetic resinous material into a furnace.

Abstract: A catalyst for producing phenols consists essentially of;an iron oxide;a nickel oxide;at least one first oxide selected from the group consisting of a vanadium oxide and a molybdenum oxide; andat least one second oxide selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal oxide and an alkaline earth metal oxide.The catalyst is used to produce phenols from benzoic acid or an alkyl benzoic acid.

Abstract: In a method of producing dimethyl ether from a mixed gas containing carbon monoxide and either or both of hydrogen and water vapor or a mixed gas of them further containing carbon dioxide, the improvement which comprises using a mixed catalyst prepared by pulverizing a mixed catalyst containing at least zinc oxide, copper oxide or chromium oxide, and aluminum oxide, compressing to bind them by a high pressure press and then pulverizing again or a mixed catalyst comprising at least zinc oxide, copper oxide and alumina, in a slurry state formed by suspending in a solvent. In the method of the invention, the yield of dimethyl ether is high, and the conversion water produced through reaction to hydrogen is high. There is no problem of clogging with catalyst, and mechanical strength is not required. Besides, the applicable range of the ratio of carbon monoxide and hydrogen is wide and the reaction is possible in the presence of carbon dioxide in a high concentration.

Abstract: In a method of producing dimethyl ether from a mixed gas containing carbon monoxide and either or both of hydrogen and water vapor or a mixed gas of them further containing carbon dioxide, the improvement which comprises using a mixed catalyst prepared by pulverizing a mixed catalyst containing at least zinc oxide, copper oxide or chrominum oxide, and aluminum oxide, compressing to bind them by a high pressure press and then pulverizing again or a mixed catalyst comprising at least zinc oxide, copper oxide and alumina, in a slurry state formed by suspending in a solvent. In the method of the invention, the yield of dimethyl ether is high, and the conversion water produced through reaction to hydrogen is high. There is no problem of clogging with catalyst, and mechanical strength is not required. Besides, the applicable range of the ratio of carbon monoxide and hydrogen is wide and the reaction is possible in the presence of carbon dioxide in a high concentration.

Abstract: A catalyst for producing phenol consisting essentially of a nickel compound supported on a metal oxide carrier, or a catalyst for producing phenol consisting essentially of iron oxide and nickel oxide, and processes for producing phenol using either of the above catalyst. The catalysts of the invention exercise a high conversion of benzoic acid and a high selectivity to phenol, and phenol can be produced in a high yield, particularly in a high space time yield through the processes of the invention using the above catalysts. The above conversion, selectivity and space time yield can be improved by calcining the catalyst at 600.degree. to 900.degree. C.