Abstract: A heat exchanger of the multi-flow type is provided with baffle members which are adapted to impart a zigzagging flow to the heat-exchange fluid in motion inside a flat tube and define, in conjunction with the inner wall of the flat tube, a flow path of a cross-sectional area having an equivalent diameter in the range of 0.4 to 1.5 mm. This heat exchanger excels in heat exchange ability and in facility of manufacture and assemblage.

Abstract: A heat exchanger of the multi-flow type is provided with baffle members which are adapted to impart a zigzagging flow to the heat-exchange fluid in motion inside a flat tube and define, in conjunction with the inner wall of the flat tube, a flow path of a cross-sectional area having an equivalent diameter in the range of 0.4 to 1.5 mm. This heat exchanger excels in heat exchange ability and in facility of manufacture and assemblage.

Abstract: In a sequence program constructed by forming a ladder diagram on a display screen, an element corresponding to a minimum unit of the ladder diagram is arranged by a symbol element and a character element. Inputting and amending operations of the ladder diagram are performed by a first cursor for designating each element and a second cursor for designating the character element of the element designated by this first cursor.

Abstract: A programmable controller, including at least a sequence processor, has plural memories for storing user programs which can be accessed by the same addresses from the sequence processor. The memories are selectively enabled in response to a mode signal and an access signal from the sequence processor. In this way, switching between memories enables the sequence processor to switch its processing from one user program to another without the need to transfer the user programs from one memory to another. Where an additional control processor is included in the programmable controller for updating user programs, it is possible to enable access by the sequence processor to one memory and the control processor to another memory during the same instruction cycle.

Abstract: A heat exchanger of the multi-flow type is provided with baffle members which are adapted to impart a zigzagging flow to the heat-exchange fluid in motion inside a flat tube and define, in conjunction with the inner wall of the flat tube, a flow path of a cross-sectional area having an equivalent diameter in the range of 0.4 to 1.5 mm. This heat exchanger excels in heat exchange ability and in facility of manufacture and assemblage.