Abstract: An objective optical system includes in order from an object side, a front unit having a positive refractive power and a rear unit. The front unit includes in order from the object side, a first lens having a negative refractive power, a second lens having a positive refractive power, and a third lens having a positive refractive power. The rear unit includes one lens or a plurality of lenses and the following conditional expression is satisfied: |(FLag?FLaC)/FLad|<0.05??(1) where, FLad denotes a focal length for a d-line of the front unit, FLag denotes a focal length for a g-line of the front unit, and FLaC denotes a focal length for a C-line of the front unit.

Abstract: Provided is a solid catalyst component for olefin polymerization which is capable of exerting favorable ethylene responsiveness while forming a propylene homopolymer having high stereoregularity, when subjected to ethylene-propylene copolymerization reaction. The present invention provides a solid catalyst component for olefin polymerization, comprising titanium, magnesium, halogen, and an internal electron-donating compound, wherein the internal electron-donating compound comprises an electron-donating compound (i) having a phthalic acid ester structure, and an electron-donating compound (ii) having two or more kinds of groups selected from an ether group, an ester group and a carbonate group and having no phthalic acid ester structure, wherein a content ratio of the electron-donating compound (ii) having two or more kinds of groups selected from an ether group, an ester group and a carbonate group and having no phthalic acid ester structure is 0.5 to 1.5% by mass.

Abstract: A stereoscopic-vision endoscope optical system includes a pair of objective optical systems, a pair of relay optical systems, and a pair of image forming optical systems. The image forming optical system includes a first lens unit, a first optical-path bending element, and a second optical-path bending element. The objective optical system and the relay optical system are disposed in a first optical path. A second optical path is formed between the first optical-path bending element and the second optical-path bending element. A third optical path is formed between the second optical-path bending element and a final image. The second optical path is positioned farther from the central axis, than the first optical path. The third optical path is positioned closer to the central axis, than the second optical path.

Abstract: An optical system for rigid endoscope includes an objective optical system, an eyepiece optical system, and a relay optical system which is disposed between the objective optical system and the eyepiece optical system. The objective optical system includes in order from an object side, a first lens having a negative refractive power, a second lens having a positive refractive power, a third lens having a positive refractive power, and a fourth lens having a negative refractive power. The following conditional expressions (1) and (2) are satisfied: ?3<(RL1i+RL1o)/(RL1i?RL1o)<?1.3??(1) 30<?dL1??(2) where, RL1o denotes a radius of curvature of an object-side surface of the first lens, RL1i denotes a radius of curvature of an image-side surface of the first lens, and ?dL1 denotes Abbe number for the first lens.

Abstract: A relay optical system includes an object-side lens which is disposed nearest to an object, an image-side lens which is disposed nearest to an image, and a cemented lens having a positive refractive power. The object-side lens has a positive refractive power and is disposed such that a convex surface is directed toward an object side. The image-side lens has a positive refractive power and is disposed such that a convex surface is directed toward an image side. A plurality of the cemented lenses is disposed between the object-side lens and the image side lens and the following conditional expression (1) is satisfied: 0.04<Gce/Drel<0.4??(1) where, Gce denotes the smallest of intervals of adjacent cemented lenses, and Drel denotes a distance from an object plane up to an image plane of the relay optical system.

Abstract: An objective optical system includes in order from an object side, a front unit having a positive refractive power and a rear unit. The front unit includes in order from the object side, a first lens having a negative refractive power, a second lens having a positive refractive power, and a third lens having a positive refractive power. The rear unit includes one lens or a plurality of lenses and the following conditional expression is satisfied: |(FLag?FLaC)/FLad|<0.05??(1) where, FLad denotes a focal length for a d-line of the front unit, FLag denotes a focal length for a g-line of the front unit, and FLaC denotes a focal length for a C-line of the front unit.

Abstract: A method for producing a solid catalyst component includes bringing a magnesium compound, a titanium halide compound, and one or more internal electron donor compounds into contact with each other to effect a reaction; washing the resulting product with a first inert organic wash solvent that does not have reactivity with the titanium halide compound, and has a solubility parameter (SP) of 8.0 to 9.0; washing the resulting intermediate product in the absence of the titanium halide compound with a second inert organic wash solvent that includes a hydrocarbon compound and does not have reactivity with the titanium halide compound, but has a solubility parameter (SP) of more than 9.0; and washing the resulting product in the absence of the titanium halide compound with a third inert organic wash solvent that does not have reactivity with the titanium halide compound, and has a solubility parameter (SP) of less than 8.0.

Abstract: An optical system for rigid endoscope includes an objective optical system, an eyepiece optical system, and a relay optical system which is disposed between the objective optical system and the eyepiece optical system. The objective optical system includes in order from an object side, a first lens having a negative refractive power, a second lens having a positive refractive power, a third lens having a positive refractive power, and a fourth lens having a negative refractive power. The following conditional expressions (1) and (2) are satisfied: ?3<(RL1i+RL1o)/(RL1i?RL1o)<?1.3 ??(1) 30<vdL1 ??(2) where, RL1o denotes a radius of curvature of an object-side surface of the first lens, RL1i denotes a radius of curvature of an image-side surface of the first lens, and vdL1 denotes Abbe number for the first lens.

Abstract: A stereoscopic-vision endoscope optical system includes a pair of objective optical systems, a pair of relay optical systems, and a pair of image forming optical systems. The image forming optical system includes a first lens unit, a first optical-path bending element, and a second optical-path bending element. The objective optical system and the relay optical system are disposed in a first optical path. A second optical path is formed between the first optical-path bending element and the second optical-path bending element. A third optical path is formed between the second optical-path bending element and a final image. The second optical path is positioned farther from the central axis, than the first optical path. The third optical path is positioned closer to the central axis, than the second optical path.

Abstract: A method for producing a solid catalyst component includes bringing a magnesium compound, a titanium halide compound, and one or more internal electron donor compounds into contact with each other to effect a reaction; washing the resulting product with a first inert organic wash solvent that does not have reactivity with the titanium halide compound, and has a solubility parameter (SP) of 8.0 to 9.0; washing the resulting intermediate product in the absence of the titanium halide compound with a second inert organic wash solvent that includes a hydrocarbon compound and does not have reactivity with the titanium halide compound, but has a solubility parameter (SP) of more than 9.0; and washing the resulting product in the absence of the titanium halide compound with a third inert organic wash solvent that does not have reactivity with the titanium halide compound, and has a solubility parameter (SP) of less than 8.0.

Abstract: A relay optical system includes an object-side lens which is disposed nearest to an object, an image-side lens which is disposed nearest to an image, and a cemented lens having a positive refractive power. The object-side lens has a positive refractive power and is disposed such that a convex surface is directed toward an object side. The image-side lens has a positive refractive power and is disposed such that a convex surface is directed toward an image side. A plurality of the cemented lenses is disposed between the object-side lens and the image side lens and the following conditional expression (1) is satisfied: 0.04<Gce/Drel<0.4??(1) where, Gce denotes the smallest of intervals of adjacent cemented lenses, and Drel denotes a distance from an object plane up to an image plane of the relay optical system.

Abstract: A method for producing a solid catalyst for olefin (co)polymerization includes bringing into contact with each other a magnesium compound, a tetravalent titanium halide compound, an organic compound represented the following general formula (1) R1k(C6H4-k)(COOR2)(COOR3)??(1) and an organic compound represented the following general formula (2) R4R5C?C (COOR6)(COOR7)??(2) wherein R1 is a halogen atom or an alkyl group, R2 and R3 are a linear alkyl group, R4 and R5 are independently an atom or group selected from a hydrogen atom, halogen, a linear alkyl group, a branched alkyl group a vinyl group, a linear or branched alkenyl group, a cycloalkenyl group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, and R6 and R7 are independently a linear alkyl group, a branched alkyl group, a vinyl group, a linear or branched alkenyl group a cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkenyl group, or an aromatic hydrocarbon group.

Abstract: A method for producing a solid catalyst for olefin (co)polymerization includes bringing into contact with each other a magnesium compound, a tetravalent titanium halide compound, an organic compound represented the following general formula (1) R1k(C6H4-k)(COOR2)(COOR3) ??(1) and an organic compound represented the following general formula (2) R4R5C?C (COOR6)(COOR7) ??(2) wherein R1 is a halogen atom or an alkyl group, R2 and R3 are a linear alkyl group, R4 and R5 are independently an atom or group selected from a hydrogen atom, halogen, a linear alkyl group, a branched alkyl group a vinyl group, a linear or branched alkenyl group, a cycloalkenyl group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, and R6 and R7 are independently a linear alkyl group, a branched alkyl group, a vinyl group, a linear or branched alkenyl group a cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkenyl group, or an aromatic hydrocarbon group.

Abstract: A solid catalyst component for olefin polymerization, an olefin polymerization catalyst, and a method for producing an olefin polymer, are disclosed. A solid catalyst component for olefin polymerization includes magnesium, a halogen, titanium, vanadium, and an internal electron donor compound selected by organic acid diester. An olefin polymerization catalyst includes the disclosed solid catalyst component for olefin polymerization, an organoaluminum promoter, and an optional external electron donor A method for producing an olefin copolymer includes copolymerizing ethylene and propylene using the disclosed olefin polymerization catalyst.

Abstract: An optical system of a stereo video endoscope with lateral viewing direction. The optical system including: a sideways looking distal optical assembly; and a proximal optical assembly. Where the distal optical assembly includes, successively in a direction of light incidence on a common optical axis: an entrance lens configured as a raised negative meniscus, an optical deflection unit; and an exit lens configured as a hollow positive meniscus, Where the distal optical assembly has, at least in sections, a right and a left lens system channel of identical type and arranged parallel to one another, each of the right and left lens system channel having: a dedicated optical axis, and at least one first lens and an achromatic lens group in the direction of light incidence.

Abstract: To allow placement of optical members by providing a long back focus, make aberrations less subject to manufacturing errors, and reduce variations in aberrations during focusing. An endoscopic objective optical system includes, in order from an object side, a front group with negative refractive power, a focusing lens, and a rear group with positive refractive power, wherein: the endoscopic objective optical system satisfies conditional expressions (1) to (4) below: 4<FB/FL??(1) FL/|fc|<0.1??(2) ?3<F_F/FL<?0.9??(3) 2.5<F_R/FL<5??(4) where FB is back focus of the entire system, FL is a focal length of the entire system, fc is a focal length of the focusing lens, |fc| is an absolute value of fc, F_F is a focal length of the front group, and F_R is a focal length of the rear group.

Abstract: An optical system of a stereo video endoscope with lateral viewing direction. The optical system including: a sideways looking distal optical assembly; and a proximal optical assembly. Where the distal optical assembly includes, successively in a direction of light incidence on a common optical axis: an entrance lens configured as a raised negative meniscus, an optical deflection unit; and an exit lens configured as a hollow positive meniscus, Where the distal optical assembly has, at least in sections, a right and a left lens system channel of identical type and arranged parallel to one another, each of the right and left lens system channel having: a dedicated optical axis, and at least one first lens and an achromatic lens group in the direction of light incidence.

Abstract: An object is to provide an endoscope objective lens in which the aberrations are less susceptible to manufacturing errors and in which the variation in field curvature caused by focusing is small. There is provided an endoscope objective lens including: in sequence from an object side, a front group having negative refractive power, an aperture stop, and a rear group having positive refractive power; and a focusing lens that has a negative refractive power and that can be inserted into an optical path between the front group and the rear group. The focusing lens is inserted into the optical path in a normal observation state and is retracted from the optical path in a short-distance observation state, in which the working distance is smaller than that in the normal observation state.

Abstract: To allow placement of optical members by providing a long back focus, make aberrations less subject to manufacturing errors, and reduce variations in aberrations during focusing. An endoscopic objective optical system includes, in order from an object side, a front group with negative refractive power, a focusing lens, and a rear group with positive refractive power, wherein: the endoscopic objective optical system satisfies conditional expressions (1) to (4) below: 4<FB/FL??(1) FL/|Fc|<0.1??(2) ?3<F—F/FL<?0.9??(3) 2.5<F—R/FL<5??(4) where FB is back focus of the entire system, FL is a focal length of the entire system, fc is a focal length of the focusing lens, |fc| is an absolute value of fc, F_F is a focal length of the front group, and F_R is a focal length of the rear group.

Abstract: An endoscope system includes: an endoscope that has a light guiding member that guides an illuminating light, an optical system that irradiates the illuminating light onto an object, and a drive portion that rocks the light guiding member so that the illuminating light is irradiated along a predetermined scanning pattern; a coordinate information acquisition portion that can identify an irradiation position; a storage portion in which information regarding chromatic aberration of magnification caused by the optical system, is previously stored a correction information acquisition portion that, upon detecting that light of the predetermined wavelength band is irradiated onto a position corresponding to a predetermined image height, detects an aberration amount of the light of the other wavelength band and outputs image correction information that corrects chromatic aberration of magnification based on the aberration amount; and an image processing portion that performs image correction processing based on the