Abstract: A light-emitting module includes a substrate, a surface light-emitting element, and an optical waveguide. The surface light-emitting element includes light sources and is attached to the substrate. The optical waveguide is attached to the surface light-emitting element in a state in which the optical waveguide covers the light sources. The optical waveguide extends in an axial direction with a refractive index distribution in a radial direction. The optical waveguide condenses light beams emitted from the surface light-emitting element.

Abstract: A microscopic object detection system includes a collecting kit and a detection device. The collecting kit has a thin film for converting light into heat and is configured to be capable of holding a sample on the thin film. The detection device detects a plurality of microscopic objects in the sample by collecting the plurality of microscopic objects dispersed in the sample with the collecting kit. The detection device includes a laser module, an optical receiver, and a controller. The laser module emits a laser beam with which the collecting kit is irradiated. The optical receiver detects the laser beam from the sample held by the collecting kit and outputs a detection signal thereof. The controller calculates an amount of the plurality of microscopic objects collected in the sample based on a change of the detection signal over time.

Abstract: A method of collecting resin beads includes first to fourth steps. The first step is a step of preparing a sample on a thin film provided on an upper surface of a substrate. The second step is a step of irradiating the thin film with a laser beam and a laser beam with the laser beam and the laser beam being distant from each other. The third step is a step of producing a microbubble at a position irradiated with the laser beam and producing a microbubble at a position irradiated with the laser beam, by heating the sample by irradiation with the laser beams. The fourth step is a step of collecting a plurality of resin beads in a region between the microbubble and the microbubble by producing convection of the sample in a direction perpendicular to a direction of alignment of the microbubble and the microbubble.

Abstract: A laser module includes a plurality of light emission regions and the plurality of light emission regions emit a plurality of laser beams. An optical waveguide and a lens condense the plurality of laser beams to an identical focal point. An adjustment mechanism is configured to adjust relative positional relation between the sample stage and a condenser lens (the optical waveguide and the lens). A controller is configured to switch between a single-point irradiation mode and a multi-point irradiation mode. The single-point irradiation mode refers to a mode in which the adjustment mechanism is controlled such that the focal point of the plurality of laser beams falls on the thin film. The multi-point irradiation mode refers to a mode in which the adjustment mechanism is controlled such that the focal point does not fall on the thin film.

Abstract: A biosignal sensor includes a substrate, first light-emitting elements, second light-emitting elements, and light-receiving elements. The light-receiving elements are positioned individually spaced apart by different distances from the first light-emitting elements and the second light-emitting elements and receive light from the first light-emitting elements and the second light-emitting elements. The plurality of light-receiving elements are linearly or substantially linearly aligned in an X direction. The first light-emitting elements and the second light-emitting elements are located at positions different in a Y direction from positions of the plurality of light-receiving elements.

Abstract: A light-emitting module includes a substrate, a surface light-emitting element, and an optical waveguide. The surface light-emitting element includes light sources and is attached to the substrate. The optical waveguide is attached to the surface light-emitting element in a state in which the optical waveguide covers the light sources. The optical waveguide extends in an axial direction with a refractive index distribution in a radial direction. The optical waveguide condenses light beams emitted from the surface light-emitting element.

Abstract: A light-emitting element and a light-receiving element are provided on a surface of a substrate. The light-emitting element and the light-receiving element are sealed by transparent resin members and, respectively. A lens is provided at the transparent resin member at a position above the light-emitting element. The center of the lens and a mounting position of the light-emitting element are disposed being shifted from each other. With this, an optical axis of light outputted via the lens is slanted toward an opposite direction side with respect to the light-receiving element at a predetermined elevation angle. In this case, a beam divergence angle of light outputted from the lens is set to a predetermined value.

Abstract: A light-emission-side prism accommodates a light-emitting element and is disposed in a light-emission guide hole extending in a light-emission axis direction. A light-reception-side prism accommodates a light-receiving element and is disposed in a light-reception guide hole extending in a light-reception axis direction. The light-emission-side prism has a total-reflection surface that causes light from the light-emitting element to be directed in the light-emission axis direction and a lens surface that causes light emitted from the total-reflection surface to be condensed. The light-reception-side prism includes a lens surface that causes scattered light entering from a smoke monitoring area in the light-reception axis direction to be condensed and a total-reflection surface that causes light condensed by the lens surface to be directed toward the light-receiving element.

Abstract: A light-emitting element and a light-receiving element are provided on a surface of a substrate. The light-emitting element and the light-receiving element are sealed by transparent resin members and, respectively. A lens is provided at the transparent resin member at a position above the light-emitting element. The center of the lens and a mounting position of the light-emitting element are disposed being shifted from each other. With this, an optical axis of light outputted via the lens is slanted toward an opposite direction side with respect to the light-receiving element at a predetermined elevation angle. In this case, a beam divergence angle of light outputted from the lens is set to a predetermined value.

Abstract: Three light emitting elements and one light receiving element are provided on a surface of a substrate. The light receiving element is disposed within a first triangular region connecting the three light emitting elements. A first rectangle circumscribed around the triangular region is formed. In addition, a second rectangle circumscribed around a second triangle formed when intersections of a virtually set XY plane and optical axes of light beams emitted from the three light emitting elements are perpendicularly projected on the surface of the substrate, is formed. Directions of the light emitted from the three light emitting elements are set such that at least either one of length and breadth dimensions of the second rectangle is larger than a corresponding one of length and breadth dimensions of the first rectangle.

Abstract: Three light emitting elements and one light receiving element are provided on a surface of a substrate. The light receiving element is disposed within a first triangular region connecting the three light emitting elements. A first rectangle circumscribed around the triangular region is formed. In addition, a second rectangle circumscribed around a second triangle formed when intersections of a virtually set XY plane and optical axes of light beams emitted from the three light emitting elements are perpendicularly projected on the surface of the substrate, is formed. Directions of the light emitted from the three light emitting elements are set such that at least either one of length and breadth dimensions of the second rectangle is larger than a corresponding one of length and breadth dimensions of the first rectangle.

Abstract: A lighting device (3) having a plurality of light-emitting diodes (9a-9d) arranged in a rectilinear fashion, where the plurality of light-emitting diodes (9a-9d) are divided into a plurality of blocks (a-d) in the direction of arrangement thereof, and, in the plurality of blocks (a-d), the values of the current supplied to the light-emitting diodes (9b, 9c) contained in the central blocks in the direction of arrangement are made lower than the values of the current supplied to the light-emitting diodes (9a, 9d) contained in the blocks located on the outside of the central blocks.

Abstract: In a cylinder head 1 of an internal combustion engine, communicating passageways 17, 18, 17′, 18′ for coolant are provided between combustion chambers 3 and pass-through holes 21 to 28 at positions which overlap straight lines L1, L2 connecting centers C2, C3 of the exhaust port openings 6a, 7a with centers C5 to C8 of the pass-through holes 25 to 28 and straight lines L3, L4 connecting centers C9, C10 of the intake port openings 4a, 5a with centers C11 to c14 of the pass-through holes 21 to 24 when a mating surface 2 of the cylinder head 1 with the cylinder block is viewed from the bottom. When peripheries of the exhaust port openings 6a, 7a and intake port openings 4a, 5a thermally expand, the suppression of thermal expansion by the bolts at fastening portions is alleviated by the communicating passageways 17, 18, 17′, 18′.

Abstract: In a cylinder head 1 of an internal combustion engine, communicating passageways 17, 18, 17′, 18′ for coolant are provided between combustion chambers 3 and pass-through holes 21 to 28 at positions which overlap straight lines L1, L2 connecting centers C2, C3 of the exhaust port openings 6a, 7a with centers C5 to C8 of the pass-through holes 25 to 28 and straight lines L3, L4 connecting centers C9, C10 of the intake port openings 4a, 5a with centers C11 to c14 of the pass-through holes 21 to 24 when a mating surface 2 of the cylinder head 1 with the cylinder block is viewed from the bottom. When peripheries of the exhaust port openings 6a, 7a and intake port openings 4a, 5a thermally expand, the suppression of thermal expansion by the bolts at fastening portions is alleviated by the communicating passageways 17, 18, 17′, 18′.