Abstract: A single electron tunneling transistor which has a multi-layer structure exhibiting a single electron tunneling effect even with processing accuracy of not greater than 0.1 &mgr;m. The multi-layer structure of the single electron tunneling transistor is characterized by alternately growing an electrically conductive layer and a tunneling barrier layer. The number of layers is 50 or more. The structure has a minute tunneling junction having an area on the order of 1 &mgr;m square.

Abstract: In this invention, an ultra thin layer of CoCr alloy nucleation layer is sputtered at an extremely low deposition rate above a predominantly (200) oriented Cr film followed by a CoCrPt based alloy sputtered film at higher rates and moderate temperatures. This structure creates a media which has very high Hc, and excellent PW50, low noise and excellent low TNLD values. By using this technique, the CoCrPt magnetic film achieves excellent in-plane crystallographic orientation, and high Hc is achieved with minimal amount of Pt addition to the magnetic film. The method allows very fine grain structure of cobalt to be formed which contributes to good signal to noise ratio. A fine grain structure combined with chromium segregation between the grains improve the signal to noise ratio even more. A high degree of in-plane c-axis orientation is achieved in the cobalt layer which provides very high hysteresis loop squareness which helps to improve the OW and TNLD.

Abstract: In this invention, an ultra thin layer of CoCr alloy nucleation layer is sputtered at an extremely low deposition rate above a predominantly (200) oriented Cr film followed by a CoCrPt based alloy sputtered film at higher rates and moderate temperatures. This structure creates a media which has very high Hc, and excellent PW50, low noise and excellent low TNLD values. By using this technique, the CoCrPt magnetic film achieves excellent in-plane crystallographic orientation, and high Hc is achieved with minimal amount of Pt addition to the magnetic film. The method allows very fine grain structure of cobalt to be formed which contributes to good signal to noise ratio. A fine grain structure combined with chromium segregation between the grains improve the signal to noise ratio even more. A high degree of in-plane c-axis orientation is achieved in the cobalt layer which provides very high hysteresis loop squareness which helps to improve the OW and TNLD.

Abstract: Sputtering method for producing amorphous hydrogenated carbon thin films with high sp.sup.3 content. By sputtering the carbon with a pulsed DC power supply having high voltage peaks, a carbon film with remarkably high sp.sup.3 bonding fraction can be obtained. Previously, carbon films with a very high sp.sup.3 fraction film with content as high (e.g. as 80%) could only be produced by methods such as filtered cathodic arc deposition or chemical vapor deposition methods (CVD) such as plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PE-CVD) and ion-beam deposition operating at some narrowly defined range of deposition conditions. It is very advantageous to use sputtering to create a high sp.sup.3 content film, since sputtering is more manufacturable and has higher productivity compared to CVD or ion-beam deposition methods. The resultant carbon film has excellent durability and corrosion resistance capability down to very low thickness.

Abstract: UV-curable Fresnel lens resin compositions ?a! comprising a (meth)acrylate containing hydroxyl group and aromatic ring (A1), a urethane group-contining (meth) acrylate (A2) comprising an aromatic diol, an aromatic ringcontaining monofunctional (meth)acrylate (A3), and a photopolymerization initiator (B) and ?1b! comprising (A1), a mono- or di(meth)acrylate monomer (A4), and (B), further supplemented with a polyester (C1) comprising an aromatic diol and a phosphate (C2) for the formation of a Fresnel lens on a sheet or plate made of a methyl methacrylate (co) polymer; a Fresnel lens formed by UV cure of composition ?1a! or ?1b!; and a rear projection screen including a sheet or plate carrying said Fresnel lens. The Fresnel lens has high refractive index, antistatic properties and is satisfactory in adhesion-to a sheet or plate.

Abstract: UV-curable Fresnel lens resin compositions ?1a! comprising a (meth)acrylate containing hydroxyl group and aromatic ring (A1), a urethane group-containing (meth)acrylate (A2) comprising an aromatic diol, an aromatic ring-containing monofunctional (meth)acrylate (A3), and a photopolymerization initiator (B) and ?1b! comprising (A1), a mono- or di(meth)acrylate monomer (A4), and (B), further supplemented with a polyester (C1) comprising an aromatic diol and a phosphate (C2) for the formation of a Fresnel lens on a sheet or plate made of a methyl methacrylate (co)polymer; a Fresnel lens formed by UV cure of composition ?1a! or ?1b!; and a rear projection screen including a sheet or plate carrying said Fresnel lens. The Fresnel lens has high refractive index, antistatic properties and is satisfactory in adhesion to a sheet or plate.

Abstract: A magnetic material with an improved maximum energy product useful for high performance permanent magnet, bond magnet and other applications is disclosed. The magnetic material is expressed in a general formula R1.sub.x R2.sub.y M.sub.100-x-y where R1 is at least one element selected from the rare earth elements, R2 is at least one element selected from elements having an atomic radius in a range of 0.156 to 0.174 nm, M is at least one element selected from Fe and Co and x and y are atomic percent individually defined as x.gtoreq.2, y.gtoreq.0.01 and 4.ltoreq.x+y.ltoreq.20, and M occupying 90 atomic percent or more in the principal phase of the compound.

Abstract: A video tape recorder is associated with a monitor to provide sub-picture images at portions of the monitor screen for use in editing a recorded tape by inserting an input video signal. First and second memories are provided with respective capacities sufficient to store a field or frame of a video signal reproduced from the tape or of an input video signal, and writing and reading of the memories are controlled to provide sub-picture signals for display at the respective portions of the monitor screen. When playback or playback-pause modes are selected, one of the sub-picture screen portions displays the reproduced video signal as a moving picture or as a still picture, respectively.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing Josephson junctions includes steps of high Tc superconductor thin films on a substrates by chemical vapor deposition using raw materials, which includes at least yttrium, barium and copper, serving as vapor generating sources, and fabricating the high Tc superconductor thin films into micro-bridges to produce Josephson junctions.

Abstract: A contact forming material for a vacuum valve or vacuum circuit breaker comprising (a) a conductive material consisting of copper and/or silver, and (b) an arc-proof material consisting of chromium, titanium, zirconium, or an alloy thereof wherein the amount of said arc-proof material present in said conductive material matrix is no more than 0.35% by weight. This contact forming material is produced by a process which comprises the steps of compacting arc-proof material powder into a green compact, sintering said green compact to obtain a skeleton of the arc-proof material, infiltrating the voids of said skeleton with a conductive material, and cooling the infiltrated material. The contact forming material can provide contacts for a vacuum valve or vacuum circuit breaker which has excellent characteristics such as temperature rise characteristic and contact resistance characteristic.

Abstract: A contact forming material for a vacuum valve or vacuum circuit breaker comprising (a) a conductive material consisting of copper and/or silver, and (b) an arc-proof material consisting of chromium, titanium, zirconium, or an alloy thereof wherein the amount of said arc-proof material present in said conductive material matrix is no more than 0.35% by weight. This contact forming material is produced by a process which comprises the steps of compacting arc-proof material powder into a green compact, sintering said green compact to obtain a skeleton of the arc-proof material, infiltrating the voids of said skeleton with a conductive material, and cooling the infiltrated material. The contact forming material can provide contacts for a vacuum valve or vacuum circuit breaker which has excellent characteristics such as temperature rise characteristic and contact resistance characteristic.

Abstract: High-purity molybdenum or tungsten powder can be produced by a process comprising (a) decomposing a powder or an oxide powder of molybdenum or tungsten with hydrogen peroxide water; (b) bringing the resulting aqueous solution of molybdenum or tungsten into contact with a cation exchange resin; (c) concentrating the aqueous solution; and (d) reducing a concentrated solid material. By omitting reducing step (d), one can obtain high-purity molybdenum or tungsten oxide powders. Because the Mo and W powders and MoO.sub.3 and WO.sub.3 powders prepared by this invention are of an extremely high purity, they are useful as materials for targets of VLSI elements.

Abstract: A superconducting electron beam generator comprising a cavity resonator situated in a refrigerator and containing a superconductive metal member fixed on the cavity end plate, a tip of which member is disposed at the strongest point of a high frequency electric field formed in the cavity. A high quality and high energy coherent electron beam is emitted by the electric field from the tip of the metal member along an axis of the cavity and derived through a minute hole formed through the opposite end plate. This superconducting electron beam generator is particularly suitable for a high resolution electron microscope, a high quality X-ray generator, a crystallographic electron beam apparatus and the like.

Abstract: A superconducting quantum interference fluxmeter, a super-high-sensitivity fluxmeter using a SQUID, suitable for use in precision electric instrumentation and superconducting electronics. The fluxmeter comprises a system to detect response output from the SQUID with high sensitivity by applying thereto such exciting AC as has a plurality of frequency components from an excitation AC source, and a system to detect with high sensitivity such alternating current as has higher or lower harmonic component of the exciting AC, which is generated by utilizing electromagnetic nonlinearity of the SQUID. Thus this invention markedly relieves difficulties in the manufacture and the use of the superconducting quantum interference devices, and enables selection of any desired operating temperature range, and compensation of quality changes with time.