Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display that can provide a display with high contrast in both the transmissive mode display and the reflective mode display as a transflective liquid crystal display, and an electronic appliance provided therewith. The liquid crystal display can include a liquid crystal layer of a nematic liquid crystal with positive anisotropy of dielectric constant held between a pair of substrates in accordance with the present invention is characterized in that areas used for the display in the liquid crystal layer includes individual areas having at least two kinds of different liquid crystal layer thickness, the individual areas of different liquid crystal layer thickness are either a reflective display unit or a transmissive display unit, a reflective means is disposed on the reflective display unit, and a transparent resin layer is formed in a portion except a portion corresponding to the transmissive display unit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid crystal device capable of simultaneously displaying at least two images in different directions comprising a first substrate with a translucent property, a second substrate opposed to the first substrate with a translucent property, a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first and second substrate with a twist angle of approximately ninety degrees, a first polarizing plate disposed opposite the liquid crystal layer with the first substrate being interposed therebetween, and a second polarizing plate disposed opposite the liquid crystal layer with the second substrate being interposed therebetween, wherein the absorption axis of the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate are shifted from an orientation direction of the liquid crystal layer by at least one degree and not more than three degrees.

Abstract: A light emitting apparatus having light emitting devices having a stack of a light-transmitting anode, a functional layer including at least a light emitting layer, and a cathode for a plurality of pixels corresponding to red, green, and blue colors on a substrate, wherein an optical resonator having a lower-layer-side reflecting layer at a lower-layer side of the anode is formed in the light emitting device, wherein a plurality of the pixels include pixels which correspond to different thicknesses of a anode, and wherein a light-transmitting insulating protective film is formed between the anode and the lower-layer-side reflecting layer to cover the lower-layer-side reflecting layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device with a vertical alignment mode in which a high image quality and a wide viewing angle are secured includes a liquid crystal layer having an initial state of vertical alignment interposed between a pair of substrates opposite to each other. A plurality of alignment control structures including a dielectric protrusion protruded toward the liquid crystal layer from the inner surface of the substrate is provided in a dot area constituting one unit of display. When that the dielectric constant of the dielectric protrusion is ?t1, the dielectric constant of a major axis direction of liquid crystal molecules constituting the liquid crystal layer is ?//, and the dielectric constant of a minor axis direction thereof is ??, the dielectric constants satisfy the expression ??>?//>?t1.

Abstract: An image transmission system which enables to perform various types of presentations and also to reduce a transmission path is provided. A PC includes a display image generation unit, a layer capture unit for sorting a layer composing a display image into a layer to be transmitted to a projector and a layer not to be transmitted, transmission layer adjustment unit for performing adjustment on the captured layer, and a PC communication unit for transmitting the adjusted layer to the projector, the projector includes a determines adjustment description put for a projector communication unit for receiving a transmission layer, an output layer adjustment unit for determining the content of the adjustment performed on the received layer and readjusting the received layer based on the judgment, and a display output unit for projecting the received layer onto a screen.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal display device having a high display quality and an excellent display characteristic and an electronic apparatus using the same. A liquid crystal display device includes color filter portions each having a plurality of colored layers in a unit pixel and a liquid crystal layer for controlling the amount of light passing through the color filter portions. The color filter portion has in the unit pixel first to third colored layers respectively having first and third peak wavelengths in a wavelength selection characteristic and a fourth colored layer having a peak wavelength between the first peak wavelength and the second peak wavelength, and a peak wavelength of a spectral characteristic of light passing through the liquid crystal layer corresponds to the fourth peak wavelength.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display that can provide a display with high contrast in both the transmissive mode display and the reflective mode display as a transflective liquid crystal display, and an electronic appliance provided therewith. The liquid crystal display can include a liquid crystal layer of a nematic liquid crystal with positive anisotropy of dielectric constant held between a pair of substrates in accordance with the present invention is characterized in that areas used for the display in the liquid crystal layer includes individual areas having at least two kinds of different liquid crystal layer thickness, the individual areas of different liquid crystal layer thickness are either a reflective display unit or a transmissive display unit, a reflective means is disposed on the reflective display unit, and a transparent resin layer is formed in a portion except a portion corresponding to the transmissive display unit.

Abstract: A light emitting apparatus having light emitting devices having a stack of a light-transmitting anode, a functional layer including at least a light emitting layer, and a cathode for a plurality of pixels corresponding to red, green, and blue colors on a substrate, wherein an optical resonator having a lower-layer-side reflecting layer at a lower-layer side of the anode is formed in the light emitting device, wherein a plurality of the pixels include pixels which correspond to different thicknesses of a anode, and wherein a light-transmitting insulating protective film is formed between the anode and the lower-layer-side reflecting layer to cover the lower-layer-side reflecting layer.

Abstract: When a backlight 15 is turned on in a dark environment, white light emerging from the surface of a light guide plate 15b passes through a polarizer 12 and a retardation film 14, enters the interior of the liquid crystal cell, passes through openings of reflective electrodes 7, and is introduced into a liquid crystal layer 3. The light introduced into the liquid crystal layer 3 passes through a color filter 5, emerges from the liquid crystal cell, and passes through the retardation film 13 and the polarizer 11 towards the exterior. In a lighted environment, the light incident on the polarizer 11 passes through the liquid crystal layer 3, is reflected by the reflective electrode 7, and passes through the polarizer 11 again and is emitted towards the exterior.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal display device that includes a liquid crystal panel in a vertically aligned liquid crystal mode, a backlight source placed at the back of the liquid crystal panel to emit white light to the liquid crystal panel, and an optical film placed between the liquid crystal panel and the backlight source and containing dichroic dye aligned in a substantially perpendicular direction.

Abstract: The invention can provide a liquid crystal display device in which a homeotropic alignment liquid crystal layer is interposed between a pair of substrates and a transmissive display region and a reflective display region are provided in one dotregion. A liquid crystal layer thickness-adjusting layer for making the thickness of the liquid crystal layer in the reflective display region smaller than the thickness of the liquid crystal layer in the transmissive display region can be formed between at least one substrate of the pair of substrates and the liquid crystal layer, and wherein, in at least one substrate of the pair of substrates, convex portions that protrude from the internal surface of the substrate to the inside of the liquid crystal layer are formed in the transmissive display region in the dot region and in the region where the liquid crystal layer thickness-adjusting layer is formed outside the dot region.

Abstract: Ambient light incident upon a polarizer 105 passes through a liquid crystal layer 103 and is then reflected by reflective films 116 via transparent electrodes 115. The reflected light passes again through the liquid crystal layer 103 and the polarizer 105 and is output to the outside thereby displaying an image in a reflective displaying mode. The reflective films 116 are disposed at locations corresponding to the respective transparent electrodes 115 such that they are spaced from each other. In this structure, some ambient light passes through the spaces between adjacent transparent electrodes 115, however, such light is not reflected by the reflective films 116 toward the outside and thus a reduction in contrast due to such reflection is prevented.

Abstract: The invention provides a liquid crystal display device having a wide viewing angle for transmissive display and reflective display. The liquid crystal display device according to the invention can include a homeotropic liquid crystal layer interposed between a pair of substrates. The liquid crystal display device has a transmissive display area and a reflective display area in each dot area. A liquid crystal layer thickness-adjustment layer can be interposed between at least the substrate of the pair of substrates and the liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal layer thickness-adjustment layer reduces the liquid crystal layer thickness of the reflective display area in comparison with the liquid crystal layer thickness of the transmissive display area. On the substrate opposing the substrate with the liquid crystal layer thickness-adjustment layer, protrusions protruding from the inner surface of the substrate to the liquid crystal layer are formed.

Abstract: The invention provides a reflection type liquid crystal device, and a projection type display and electronic equipment in which display defects caused by disclination are reduced, minimized or prevented from being produced for a highly fine liquid crystal display with a space between pixels made to be narrow to make it possible to provide a high-contrast and bright display. A liquid crystal device includes a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a first substrate and a second substrate, and a first electrode and a second electrode formed on a face of the above-described second substrate on a side of the above-described liquid crystal layer. The above-described first electrode and the above-described second electrode are formed so that an electric field substantially parallel to the surface of the substrate with respect to the above-described liquid crystal layer can be applied thereto.

Abstract: To provide a display device, a color filter, and an electronic apparatus, which can prevent the deterioration of resolution and display quality and can improve display characteristics. There is provided a display device comprising a plurality of dots in a unit pixel. The dots includes first to third dots having first to third peak wavelengths in the wavelength characteristics of emitted light, and a fourth dot having a fourth peak wavelength which is located between the first peak wavelength and the second peak wavelength, and has the fourth peak wavelength which is closer to the second peak wavelength than to the first peak wavelength, in the wavelength characteristics. The fourth dot is arranged not to be adjacent to the second dot, but is arranged to be adjacent to the first dot or the third dot.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device includes a transparent first substrate with a first transparent electrode formed on the surface thereof, a transparent second substrate with a second transparent electrode is formed thereon, and a liquid crystal layer. A light reflecting layer defining the reflective display region and the transmissive display region is formed on each pixel region. A layer-thickness adjusting layer where a region corresponding to the transmissive display region constitutes an opening, is formed on the upper layer side of the light reflecting layer. In the layer-thickness adjusting layer, the boundary portion of the reflective display region and the transmissive display region constitutes an inclined surface, and a light shielding film is two-dimensionally superimposed on this boundary region.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display that can provide a display with high contrast in both the transmissive mode display and the reflective mode display as a transflective liquid crystal display, and an electronic appliance provided therewith. The liquid crystal display can include a liquid crystal layer of a nematic liquid crystal with positive anisotropy of dielectric constant held between a pair of substrates in accordance with the present invention is characterized in that areas used for the display in the liquid crystal layer includes individual areas having at least two kinds of different liquid crystal layer thickness, the individual areas of different liquid crystal layer thickness are either a reflective display unit or a transmissive display unit, a reflective means is disposed on the reflective display unit, and a transparent resin layer is formed in a portion except a portion corresponding to the transmissive display unit.

Abstract: The invention provides a reflection type liquid crystal device, and a projection type display and electronic equipment in which display defects caused by disclination are reduced, minimized or prevented from being produced for a highly fine liquid crystal display with a space between pixels made to be narrow to make it possible to provide a high-contrast and bright display. A liquid crystal device includes a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a first substrate and a second substrate, and a first electrode and a second electrode formed on a face of the above-described second substrate on a side of the above-described liquid crystal layer. The above-described first electrode and the above-described second electrode are formed so that an electric field substantially parallel to the surface of the substrate with respect to the above-described liquid crystal layer can be applied thereto.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for forming a displacement tin alloy plated film, on a copper or a copper alloy on a substrate, a tin alloy plated film containing at least one additive metal selected from silver, bismuth, palladium, indium, zinc and antimony, the method including the steps of: forming an under layer on the copper or copper alloy in a low temperature displacement tin alloy plating bath at a temperature of 10 to 50° C.; and forming an upper layer on the under layer in a high temperature tin alloy plating bath at a temperature of 40 to 80° C. to form the displacement tin alloy plated film formed of the under layer and the upper layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device has a structure in which an electric field is applied across a liquid crystal in a direction substantially parallel to the plane of a substrate. A conductive film is formed on a first substrate on which an electric field control is provided, and also on a color filter substrate located opposite the first substrate, and the conductive films are maintained at either a ground voltage, a common electrode voltage, the center voltage of an image signal, a non-selection voltage of a scanning signal, or a logic voltage of an external driver or otherwise the voltage of the conductive films is maintained in a floating state. The liquid crystal device having the above structure displays a high-quality image without encountering an influence of electrostatic charges.