Abstract: A detector detects a target using a sensor and includes a measurement circuit to measure a signal from the sensor and a computation circuit to separate a signal measured by the measurement circuit into a variation component of the sensor and a response component of the sensor. The computation circuit performs analysis using a state space model including a state equation specified by time-series information of the variation component of the sensor and an observation equation specified by separation between the variation component of the sensor and the response component of the sensor.

Abstract: A two-dimensional photonic crystal surface emitting laser has a laminated structure including: a two-dimensional photonic crystal (2DPC) layer in which refractive index distribution is formed by two-dimensionally arranging air holes in a plate-shaped base member; and an active layer for generating light with wavelength ?L by receiving an injection of electric current. The two-dimensional photonic crystal surface emitting laser emits a laser beam in the direction of an inclination angle ? from normal to the 2DPC layer.

Abstract: A two-dimensional photonic crystal surface emitting laser has a laminated structure including: a two-dimensional photonic crystal (2DPC) layer in which refractive index distribution is formed by two-dimensionally arranging air holes in a plate-shaped base member; and an active layer for generating light with wavelength ?L by receiving an injection of electric current. The two-dimensional photonic crystal surface emitting laser emits a laser beam in the direction of an inclination angle ? from normal to the 2DPC layer.

Abstract: A two-dimensional photonic crystal surface emitting laser has a laminated structure including: a two-dimensional photonic crystal (2DPC) layer in which refractive index distribution is formed by two-dimensionally arranging air holes in a plate-shaped base member; and an active layer for generating light with wavelength ?L by receiving an injection of electric current. The two-dimensional photonic crystal surface emitting laser emits a laser beam in the direction of an inclination angle ? from normal to the 2DPC layer.

Abstract: A two-dimensional photonic crystal surface emitting laser has a laminated structure including: a two-dimensional photonic crystal (2DPC) layer in which refractive index distribution is formed by two-dimensionally arranging air holes in a plate-shaped base member; and an active layer for generating light with wavelength ?L by receiving an injection of electric current. The two-dimensional photonic crystal surface emitting laser emits a laser beam in the direction of an inclination angle ? from normal to the 2DPC layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a game system which is capable of matching the replay range with the replay fee, even when the replay range is set to a portion of the played range. A game system allows a user to play the game in the predetermined range when an initial fee is collected from the user, and sets the play fee necessary for playing the game in the replay range according to the setting of the replay range. After the game is over in the predetermined range, the replay process is performed for allowing the user to play the game in the replay range, on the condition that the set play fee is collected from the user.

Abstract: To provide a network game system for sharing, among a plurality of game machines, the positions and postures of objects associated with the game machines, while suppressing an increase in traffic in the communication network.

Abstract: To provide a network game system for enabling the player of a game to immediately find out, when a moving object, such as a bullet object or the like, contacts another object in a virtual space, from where the moving object came, by looking at the game screen image. Each of the game machines comprises a contact determination unit for determining whether or not the moving object contacts another object (402) placed in the virtual space; a contact direction acquisition unit for acquiring a contact direction of the moving object relative to the other object (402) when the contact determination unit determines that the moving object contacts the other object (402); and a contact image displaying unit for displaying an image (84) in accordance with a direction of a contact surface of the other object (402) and the contact direction at a position in the other object (402) in accordance with a contact position of the moving object.

Abstract: The present invention provides a game system which utilizes player's experience efficiently in a competition game to make the competition game more entertaining. A category/style selecting unit 1606 of a terminal 1 enables a player to select one of categories and styles of quizzes selectable for the player who played an academy stage (#5), and sends the category and style of quiz and a difficulty-level of quiz selectable for the player to a center server 3 (#6). A battle stage quiz deciding unit 3616 of the center server 3 selects a predetermined number of quizzes which are in the category and style and the difficulty-level sent from the terminal 1 from a Q&A information storing unit 3625 and decides the quizzes to be set in a battle stage (#7).