Abstract: An organic EL device is provided which is capable of providing high luminance and high luminous efficiency. In an organic EL device, a hole injecting electrode lies on a glass substrate, and a hole injecting layer, a hole transporting layer, and a light emitting layer are sequentially formed thereon. An electron injecting electrode lies on the light emitting layer. The light emitting layer contains a host material, a light emitting dopant, and a first light-emission assisting dopant. The first light-emission assisting dopant is composed of a rubrene derivative.

Abstract: A display capable of preventing an emission layer from deterioration resulting from temperature rise of an electrode also when the same is increased in size and easily connectable with an external current source also when the same is connected with the external current source on a single portion is provided. This display comprises a first electrode formed on a substrate, an emission layer formed on the first electrode, a second electrode formed on the emission layer, a peripheral electrode, arranged to enclose the outer periphery of the second electrode and connected with at least three edges of the outer periphery of the second electrode, having a smaller sheet resistance value than the second electrode, and a current source connection terminal connected to the outer periphery of the peripheral electrode. Thus, current readily flows from the second electrode toward the peripheral electrode, while the current can be dispersedly fed along three or four directions.

Abstract: A display capable of preventing an emission layer from deterioration resulting from temperature rise of an electrode also when the same is increased in size and easily connectable with an external current source also when the same is connected with the external current source on a single portion is provided. This display comprises a first electrode formed on a substrate, an emission layer formed on the first electrode, a second electrode formed on the emission layer, a peripheral electrode, arranged to enclose the outer periphery of the second electrode and connected with at least three edges of the outer periphery of the second electrode, having a smaller sheet resistance value than the second electrode, and a current source connection terminal connected to the outer periphery of the peripheral electrode. Thus, current readily flows from the second electrode toward the peripheral electrode, while the current can be dispersedly fed along three or four directions.

Abstract: A display capable of preventing an emission layer from deterioration resulting from temperature rise of an electrode also when the same is increased in size and easily connectable with an external current source also when the same is connected with the external current source on a single portion is provided. This display comprises a first electrode formed on a substrate, an emission layer formed on the first electrode, a second electrode formed on the emission layer, a peripheral electrode, arranged to enclose the outer periphery of the second electrode and connected with at least three edges of the outer periphery of the second electrode, having a smaller sheet resistance value than the second electrode, and a current source connection terminal connected to the outer periphery of the peripheral electrode. Thus, current readily flows from the second electrode toward the peripheral electrode, while the current can be dispersedly fed along three or four directions.

Abstract: There is provided a nonvolatile memory including memory cells each of which includes a storage element including a bistable molecular layer, wherein the bistable molecular layer contains a bistable molecule which brings about isomerization from a first isomer into a second isomer by injecting a hole and an electron into the bistable molecular layer, and brings about isomerization from the second isomer into the first isomer by irradiating the bistable molecular layer with erase light, and the memory is configured to irradiate the bistable molecular layers of all the memory cells with the erase light while applying an electric field to the bistable molecular layer of only a part of the memory cells that stores information to be held when erasing information stored in the rest of the memory cells.

Abstract: There is provided a nonvolatile memory including memory cells each of which includes a storage element including a bistable molecular layer, wherein the bistable molecular layer contains a bistable molecule which brings about isomerization from a first isomer into a second isomer by injecting a hole and an electron into the bistable molecular layer, and brings about isomerization from the second isomer into the first isomer by irradiating the bistable molecular layer with erase light, and the memory is configured to irradiate the bistable molecular layers of all the memory cells with the erase light while applying an electric field to the bistable molecular layer of only a part of the memory cells that stores information to be held when erasing information stored in the rest of the memory cells.

Abstract: An organic EL device is provided which is capable of providing high luminance and high luminous efficiency. In an organic EL device, a hole injecting electrode lies on a glass substrate, and a hole injecting layer, a hole transporting layer, and a light emitting layer are sequentially formed thereon. An electron injecting electrode lies on the light emitting layer. The light emitting layer contains a host material, a light emitting dopant, and a first light-emission assisting dopant. The first light-emission assisting dopant is composed of a rubrene derivative.

Abstract: An information storage device which has a layer containing such bistable molecules that the molecular structure reversibly changes due to an isomerization reaction, at least one reaction of the isomerization reaction is caused by electric carrier injection, and the electric characteristics change as between before and after the isomerization reaction.

Abstract: A luminescent element of a element structure having electrode and, being held between them, a luminescent solution containing a luminescent material and a solvent, wherein the luminescent solution further contains a luminescence promoting additive which comprises a nonionic compound having a diether structure, a crown ether structure or a polyethylene glycol structure and has the function to stabilize the luminescent material being ionized, and the solvent comprises a halogen-containing benzene derivative.

Abstract: An information storage device which has a layer containing such bistable molecules that the molecular structure reversibly changes due to an isomerization reaction, at least one reaction of the isomerization reaction is caused by electric carrier injection, and the electric characteristics change as between before and after the isomerization reaction.

Abstract: A display capable of preventing an emission layer from deterioration resulting from temperature rise of an electrode also when the same is increased in size and easily connectable with an external current source also when the same is connected with the external current source on a single portion is provided. This display comprises a first electrode formed on a substrate, an emission layer formed on the first electrode, a second electrode formed on the emission layer, a peripheral electrode, arranged to enclose the outer periphery of the second electrode and connected with at least three edges of the outer periphery of the second electrode, having a smaller sheet resistance value than the second electrode, and a current source connection terminal connected to the outer periphery of the peripheral electrode. Thus, current readily flows from the second electrode toward the peripheral electrode, while the current can be dispersedly fed along three or four directions.

Abstract: In an organic electroluminescent device having a carrier transport layer and an emitting layer which are composed of an organic material provided between a hole injection electrode and an electron injection electrode, a dopant for transporting carriers is doped into the carrier transport layer and/or a dopant for transporting carriers or moving excitation energy is doped into the emitting

Abstract: A pulse voltage application circuit applies a pulse voltage having a duty ratio of not more than 10% to an organic EL element. In this case, driving conditions are set such that an average drive current flowing through the organic EL element (an average injection current density) is not more than 3 mA/cm2, and an average drive voltage applied to the organic EL element is not more than 4 volts.

Abstract: A photon mode reaction is caused in an optical recording medium by irradiating the optical recording medium susceptible to the photon mode reaction with light emitted from a light emitting device when driven by a pulsed current.

Abstract: An optical recording medium includes a recording layer, and a masking layer which is converted to a state having small absorption at the wavelength of a reproducing beam due to progress of decoloration caused by a thermal reaction upon irradiation with the reproducing beam, or due to facilitation of decoloration caused by a photon mode photochromic reaction through temperature rise upon irradiation with the reproducing beam.

Abstract: An optical recording medium is provided with a masking layer on a side of a recording layer for receiving a reproducing beam. The masking layer is prepared from that containing photochromic dye molecules having absorption at the wavelength of the reproducing beam and causing a photon mode reaction by absorbing the reproducing beam to be reduced in absorption.

Abstract: A method of reproducing information recorded on an optical recording medium includes the steps of directing a first reading optical beam and a second reading optical beam onto a recording portion on the optical recording medium to obtain a first electric output signal corresponding to the first beam interacting with the optical recording medium and a second electric output signal corresponding to the second beam interacting with the optical recording medium, and performing a non-linear operation and a linear-operation by using these first and second output signals, thereby obtaining an improved reproduced output signal.

Abstract: A technique for improving a number of reproducible times in reproduction of information from an optical recording medium having a recording layer which reacts in a photon mode. The power of a reproducing beam is set in proximity to P.sub.rep (W) appearing in the following expression (I) or within a range of P.sub.rep (W) appearing in the following expression (II): ##EQU1## In order to improve an S-N ratio, squeezed light having suppressed photon number fluctuation is employed as a reproducing beam at need. If improvement of the number of reproducible times is in preference to improvement of the S-N ratio, such squeezed light having suppressed photon number fluctuation is employed as a reproducing beam with power which is set within a range of P.sub.

Abstract: A recording medium comprises a recording layer, a birefringent layer, and a reflecting layer. The recording layer is formed of a material whose optical rotatory power is alterable such that in one state no optical rotatory power is present and, in a second state, optical rotatory power is present. Information is recorded in the recording layer by selectively altering the state of the recording layer. The birefringent layer is formed of a material having constant birefringence without regard to the state of the recording layer. The reflecting layer reflects a light beam transmitted through the recording layer and the birefringent layer to reintroduce the beam into the birefringent layer and the recording layer. A method of reproducing information from this recording medium applies a polarized light beam to the recording medium and detects change of the polarized state of the polarized light beam reflected from the recording medium, thereby reading the information recorded in the recording layer.

Abstract: An optical head device for projecting a light beam on a recording medium to record data thereon or reproduce the recorded data comprises an optical system for forming a beam spot of a specified diameter on the surface of the recording medium, and a transparent contact member disposed at a light emanating portion of the system for the recording medium to come into direct sliding contact therewith. Accordingly, when the contact member moves relative to the recording medium, the dust adhering to the surface of medium is removed by the contact member to assure a recording or reproduction operation free of errors.