Abstract: Another semiconductor device includes a first layer including a plurality of electrically conductive wires, a second layer, a plurality of non-functional via pads are included in the second layer or between the first layer and the second layer. A dangling via is included within a specified area of the first layer. The dangling vias connect one or more of the wires in the first layer to a respective one of the via pads.

Abstract: Another semiconductor device includes a first layer including a plurality of electrically conductive wires, a second layer, a plurality of non-functional via pads are included in the second layer or between the first layer and the second layer. A dangling via is included within a specified area of the first layer. The dangling vias connect one or more of the wires in the first layer to a respective one of the via pads.

Abstract: A peak and valley detection system and method are shown for a selective call receiving device (10). The peak and valley detection system quickly and accurately detects and tracks to the peak and valley of a two level and/or four-level signal. A signal value representing a received signal is compared by a CPU (28) to the sum of a peak variable and attack constant. The peak variable is updated to a first value if the received signal value is less than the sum and is updated to a second value if the received signal value is not less than the sum. Similarly, the received signal is compared by the CPU (28) to a difference between a valley variable and attack constant. The valley variable is updated to a third value if the received signal value is greater than the difference value and updated to a fourth value if the received signal value is not greater than the difference value. The peak and valley variables attack and decay at non-constant rates and independently of one another.