Abstract: To provide a called one with information on the caller, a reference to a resource containing real-time or near-real-time information relating to the caller, or information deduced using the real-time or near-real-time information, or the real-time or near-real-time information, or the information deduced using the real-time or near-real-time information, is transmitted with a connection establishment request, and the information in the resource or the received information is displayed to the called one before the requested connection is established so that the called one can make a decision whether or not to answer the call.

Abstract: A decoder includes data processing hardware which is operable to: process encoded input data to extract header information indicative of individual blocks and/or packets, and information indicative of transformations employed to the individual blocks and/or packets; create an initial set of individual blocks and/or packets based on received header data, and prepare a data field in a data storage arrangement for receiving decoded individual block and/or packet content; split or combine individual blocks and/or packets in the data field according to information indicative of splitting/combining; retrieve information describing the transformations and then applying an inverse of the transformations for decoding the encoded and compressed original block and/or packet data to generate corresponding decoded block and/or packet content for populating data field; and when the encoded input data has been at least partially decoded, outputting data from the data field as the decoded output data.

Abstract: A data security system is provided. The data security system includes at least a first party and a second party that are mutually coupled via a data communication arrangement, wherein the data communication arrangement is operable to provide for user authentications and/or user sign-in. The first and second parties are provided with identical or mutually compatible copies of a digital key code list that includes keys and indexes referencing the keys. The first party is operable to deliver to the second party an authentication message including an index of a key to be derived, a unique identifier (ID) of a digital key code list from which the key is to be derived, and additional information indicative of at least one of: a unique user ID associated with the first party, a session token previously-received from the second party, a date and time at which an attempt for user authentications and/or user sign-in is made. The additional information is provided in an encrypted form.

Abstract: A data communication system is provided. The data communication system includes at least one transmitter that is operable to communicate data packets via a data communication network and/or a data carrier to at least one receiver. The at least one transmitter is operable to include within at least one of the data packets a plurality of mutually different types of data having mutually different priorities. Optionally, the data communication system is operable to communicate to the at least one receiver information that is indicative of the one or more priorities of the plurality of mutually different types of data. Optionally, the data communication system is operable to communicate the information that is indicative of the mutually different priorities of the plurality of mutually different types of data within the at least one of the data packets.

Abstract: An encoder includes data processing hardware operable to: process input data into a plurality of blocks/packets; apply a plurality of transformations to content of the blocks/packets to generate corresponding transformed data; check a quality of representation of the transformed data prior to application of the transformations to determine whether or not the quality of representation of the transformed data satisfies quality criteria; if the quality of representation does not satisfy the quality criteria, to divide and/or combine the one or more individual blocks or packets further and repeating the transformation step; and if the quality of representation of the transformed data satisfies the one or more quality criteria, to select coding methods and encode data representative of the input data to be encoded to provide encoded output data; and communicate in the encoded data information describing the plurality of transformations or combinations of transformations employed when coding the blocks/packets.

Abstract: A method of encoding and encrypting input data (D1) to generate corresponding encoded and encrypted data (E2) is provided. The input data (D1) is encoded to generate intermediate encoded data streams. The intermediate encoded data streams include at least one critical data stream that is critical and essential for subsequent decoding of one or more remaining data streams of the intermediate encoded data streams. The at least one critical data stream is encrypted using one or more encryption algorithms to generate at least one intermediate encrypted data stream. Subsequently, unencrypted portions of the intermediate encoded data streams are merged together with the at least one intermediate encrypted data stream to generate the encoded and encrypted data (E2).

Abstract: A device includes a data memory managed by a filing system configured to store data in respect of one or more clusters or blocks within the data memory. The device (10) is configured to assemble data content objects into a virtual container; store the virtual container and associated data content objects into one or more of the one or more clusters or blocks, wherein the data content objects are memory-aligned within the one or more clusters or blocks; and arrange for the data content objects to be individually accessible in their virtual container.

Abstract: A method of encoding source data to generate corresponding encoded data for transmission or storage includes matching one or more portions of the source data to one or more elements in one or more databases, wherein the one or more elements are representative of corresponding one or more data blocks, and recording reference values which relate the one or more portions of the source data to the one or more matched elements; and including the reference values in the encoded data together with the one or more databases and/or information identifying the one or more databases. The methods are implemented in an encoder, a decoder and in a codec. In the codec, the at least one encoder and the at least one decoder share one or more databases referred to by reference values included in the encoded data.

Abstract: A method of encoding data (D1) for generating corresponding encoded data (E2) is provided, wherein the method includes: (a) analyzing the data (D1) to be encoded to identify one or more structural features within the data (D1); (b) encoding the data (D1) to be encoded as one or more portions depending upon the one or more structural features, and selecting one or more methods which efficiently encode the one or more portions, wherein the one or more methods include at least one extrapolation encoding method; and (c) generating the encoded data (E2) by combining data generated from the one or more portions, wherein the encoded data (E2) includes information indicative of methods employed to encode the one or more portions with their associated parameters.

Abstract: A method of encoding and encrypting input data (D1) to generate corresponding encoded and encrypted data (E2) is provided. At least a first data block of the input data (D1) is encoded to generate a first encoded data block. The at least first encoded data block is then encrypted using at least one key to provide a first encoded and encrypted data block for inclusion in the encoded and encrypted data (E2). Moreover, a first seed value is generated for use in encrypting a next encoded data block to provide a next encoded and encrypted data block for inclusion in the encoded and encrypted data (E2). Furthermore, a next seed value is generated for use in encrypting a subsequent encoded data block, in a sequential repetitive manner until each data block of the input data (D1) is encoded and encrypted into the encoded and encrypted data (E2).

Abstract: A method of encoding data in an encoder to generate corresponding encoded data includes receiving the data to be encoded and analyzing sub-portions of the data to be encoded to determine one or more encoding algorithms which are to be applied to encode the sub-portions, wherein the one or more encoding algorithms include at least one interpolation algorithm; computing one or more interpolation parameters for the at least one interpolation algorithm which are representative of data values of the sub-portion of the data to be encoded by the at least one interpolation algorithm; encoding a remainder of the sub-portions of the data to be encoded using the one or more encoding algorithms; and combining data generated in the computing and encoding to generate the encoded data. A method is also disclosed for decoding encoded data in a decoder. The methods may be employed in an encoder, decoder, and codec.

Abstract: To provide a called one with information on the caller, a reference to a resource containing real-time or near-real-time information relating to the caller, or information deduced using the real-time or near-real-time information, or the real-time or near-real-time information, or the information deduced using the real-time or near-real-time information, is transmitted with a connection establishment request, and the information in the resource or the received information is displayed to the called one before the requested connection is established so that the called one can make a decision whether or not to answer the call.

Abstract: A device includes a data memory managed by a filing system configured to store data in respect of one or more clusters or blocks within the data memory. The device (10) is configured to assemble data content objects into a virtual container; store the virtual container and associated data content objects into one or more of the one or more clusters or blocks, wherein the data content objects are memory-aligned within the one or more clusters or blocks; and arrange for the data content objects to be individually accessible in their virtual container.

Abstract: To provide a called one with information on the caller, a reference to a resource containing real-time or near-real-time information relating to the caller, or information deduced using the real-time or near-real-time information, or the real-time or near-real-time information, or the information deduced using the real-time or near-real-time information, is transmitted with a connection establishment request, and the information in the resource or the received information is displayed to the called one before the requested connection is established so that the called one can make a decision whether or not to answer the call.

Abstract: A method of encoding input data to generate corresponding encoded data is provided. The method includes encoding the input data into a plurality of symbols in the encoded data, wherein the plurality of symbols represent data as defined by a plurality of palettes indicated and/or included in the encoded data. The method further includes determining mutually different palettes to be used for encoding mutually different parts of the input data, and using the mutually different palettes for encoding the mutually different parts of the input data. Moreover, the method also includes including, within the encoded data, information associating the mutually different palettes with their respective parts of the input data encoded into the encoded data, wherein the information includes palette selection indices for referencing the mutually different palettes on a block-by-block basis.

Abstract: An encryption system for encrypting data of party, wherein the party is provided with an encryption key wallet and one or more encryption keys of the encryption key wallet are identifiable using at least one reference code, The encryption key wallet is opened for accessing an encryption key via its reference code, for encrypting data to generate corresponding encrypted data and/or for decrypting encrypted data to generate corresponding decrypted data, wherein the encryption key is reproducibly generated by the encryption key wallet. When the encryption system enables exchange of encrypted data via the encryption system between two or more parties the two or more parties are provided with the encryption key wallet; data exchanged between the parties are encrypted using one or more encryption keys obtained from the encryption key wallet; and the encryption key wallet is opened for use when encrypting and/or decrypting the data exchanged between the parties.

Abstract: A data communication system is provided. The data communication system includes at least one transmitter that is operable to communicate data packets via a data communication network and/or a data carrier to at least one receiver. The at least one transmitter is operable to include within at least one of the data packets a plurality of mutually different types of data having mutually different priorities. Optionally, the data communication system is operable to communicate to the at least one receiver information that is indicative of the one or more priorities of the plurality of mutually different types of data. Optionally, the data communication system is operable to communicate the information that is indicative of the mutually different priorities of the plurality of mutually different types of data within the at least one of the data packets.

Abstract: An encoder for encoding input data to generate corresponding encoded data is provided. The encoder identifies substantial reoccurrences of data blocks and/or data packets within at least a portion of the input data. The encoder then identifies, in respect of individual elements, where elements are unchanged and/or changed within the substantially reoccurring data blocks and/or data packets. Subsequently, the encoder encodes unchanged elements in the encoded data by employing at least one corresponding symbol, or at least one corresponding bit, for example a single bit, indicating an absence of change in the unchanged elements relative to corresponding elements in a reference data block and/or data packet. Moreover, the encoder encodes changed elements in the encoded data.

Abstract: A secure media player system for communicating media content information from an encoder to a decoder is provided. The encoder is operable to: process and encode media content information into section(s) of encoded data. The section(s) of encoded data include parameters which enable the media content information to be regenerated from the section(s) of encoded data; encrypt the section(s) of encoded data to generate corresponding encrypted section(s) of encoded data; and communicate the unencrypted and/or encrypted section(s) of encoded data to the decoder for the decoder to process the unencrypted and/or encrypted section(s) of encoded data to render the media content information to one or more users, wherein the secure media player system does not store or allow storage, namely prevents storage. of the section(s) of encoded data in a decrypted form to unprotected memory.

Abstract: An encoder for encoding input data to generate corresponding encoded data is provided. The encoder includes a data partitioning arrangement for partitioning and/or combining the input data to generate one or more data portions thereof; an analyzer arrangement for analyzing one or more properties of the one or more data portions of the input data to select one or more data formats for encoding the data portions; an encoding arrangement for encoding the data portions according to the selected data formats; and a data aggregator arrangement for aggregating the encoded data portions together with header data to generate the encoded data. The header data includes information indicative of encoding data formats, and one or more source data formats, and one or more encoding methods, namely algorithms, applied to the data portions in the encoding arrangement, and the partitioning and/or combining of the input data to generate the data portions in the data partitioning arrangement.