Abstract: An apparatus for applying a surgical clip which comprises a staple having a central portion and first and second legs extending from said central portion. A retainer is provided having an opening dimensioned for passage of an end portion of each of said legs when the legs are bent from an open position to a closed position. The apparatus comprises staple forming means in the form of a pair of pivotable members movable from an open position to a closed position when slid into engagement with a camming surface. Staple pusher means engage the central portion of the staple and slides the staple distally into contact with an anvil and with the pivotable members to bend the staple legs to their closed position.

Abstract: A surgical retractor is provided having an elongated tubular structure with a proximal and distal end. A plurality of interleaved retractor blades are pivotally mounted in a distal end of the tubular housing and are movable between a closed position wherein the blades are in stacked relation and an open position wherein the blades are deployed in an interleaved fan configuration. Various structure is provided on the tubular housing to move the blades between an open and closed position.