Abstract: A battery module for use in a battery pack is disclosed. The battery module (12, 12?) comprises a plurality of battery cells (24, 25) and a sensing circuit (62) extending across the battery cells. A monitoring unit (46) is connected to the sensing circuit. The monitoring unit comprises a continuity detector (66) arranged to detect a break in continuity of the sensing circuit (62). This can allow a thermal event occurring in one of the plurality of cells to be detected.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for managing and/or excess hydrogen flow in a system comprising a fuel cell or fuel cell stack based on humidity measurements.

Abstract: A diagnostic system (10) is provided and includes a sensor (24) disposed downstream from an exhaust gas aftertreatment system. Also included in the diagnostic system (10) is a central diagnostic unit (35) configured to diagnose a condensation condition associated with the sensor (24) for mitigating a sensor failure due to water condensation on the sensor (24), the central diagnostic unit (35) performing the diagnosis on the condensation condition based on water storage and release information related to a component of the exhaust gas aftertreatment system. The sensor (24) is activated based on the water storage and release information.

Abstract: A battery module for use in a battery pack is disclosed. The battery module (12, 12?) comprises a plurality of battery cells (24, 25) and a sensing circuit (62) extending across the battery cells. A monitoring unit (46) is connected to the sensing circuit. The monitoring unit comprises a continuity detector (66) arranged to detect a break in continuity of the sensing circuit (62). This can allow a thermal event occurring in one of the plurality of cells to be detected.

Abstract: A diagnostic system (10) is provided and includes a sensor (24) disposed downstream from an exhaust gas aftertreatment system. Also included in the diagnostic system (10) is a central diagnostic unit (35) configured to diagnose a condensation condition associated with the sensor (24) for mitigating a sensor failure due to water condensation on the sensor (24), the central diagnostic unit (35) performing the diagnosis on the condensation condition based on water storage and release information related to a component of the exhaust gas aftertreatment system. The sensor (24) is activated based on the water storage and release information.

Abstract: Activated carbon materials and methods of producing and using activated carbon materials are provided. In particular, biomass-derived activated carbon materials and processes of producing the activated carbon materials with prespecified surface areas and pore size distributions are provided. Activated carbon materials with preselected high specific surface areas, porosities, sub-nm (<1 nm) pore volumes, and supra-nm (1-5 nm) pore volumes may be achieved by controlling the degree of carbon consumption and metallic potassium intercalation into the carbon lattice during the activation process.