Abstract: A downhole valve apparatus including a force transmitter configured to move in an axial direction and a valve actuator configured to move in an axial direction. The valve actuator is independently movable relative to the force transmitter and physically isolated from the force transmitter. A first magnetic assembly is disposed at the force transmitter. A second magnetic assembly is disposed at the valve actuator. The first and second magnetic assemblies are configured to repel one another and cause the force transmitter to move the valve actuator when the force transmitter is moved toward the valve actuator.

Abstract: An apparatus for operating a downhole valve includes: a force transmitter configured to move in an axial direction and including at least one first magnetic assembly; a housing including at least one axially elongated passageway formed therein, the at least one first magnetic assembly configured to be disposed within the at least one axially elongated passageway; and a valve actuator configured to move in an axial direction and including at least one second magnetic assembly disposed at the valve actuator, the first and second magnetic assemblies configured to interact so that movement of the force transmitter in the axial direction causes movement of the valve actuator in the axial direction.

Abstract: A system and method of generating social networks within a virtual space, wherein the virtual space may be defined by the geographic location of the user or a metric based on a user attribute. The present invention permits a user to establish the outermost geographic boundaries of a virtual space, in which the user may establish a communication link for the purposes of social networking. The present invention allows for fixed and user-defined virtual space in which both permanent and terminable social networks may be created. Permanent virtual spaces provide the convenience of archiving and searchable review. The present invention allows for a user to be assigned to an existing virtual space based on a metric, or for a new virtual space to be created for a user based on a metric.