Abstract: A filament or printing material placed in a syringe for 3D printing comprising polymers, proteins, and/or functional particles and materials is provided. Methods of treating a bone defect in a subject in need thereof comprising using a handheld 3D printer to apply a filament or the printing material placed in a syringe to the bone defect of the subject are also provided. Methods of fixing or gluing natural or synthetic bone grafts using a handheld 3D printer to apply a filament or the printing material placed in a syringe over and around the defect or at the interface of a flap and the bone. Methods of printing a graft cage for retaining bone grafts and/or bone graft substitute in its desired location during healing for treatment of critical-sized segmental defects in long bones are provided.

Abstract: A filament or printing material placed in a syringe for 3D printing comprising polymers, proteins, and/or functional particles and materials is provided. Methods of treating a bone defect in a subject in need thereof comprising using a handheld 3D printer to apply a filament or the printing material placed in a syringe to the bone defect of the subject are also provided. Methods of fixing or gluing natural or synthetic bone grafts using a handheld 3D printer to apply a filament or the printing material placed in a syringe over and around the defect or at the interface of a flap and the bone. Methods of printing a graft cage for retaining bone grafts and/or bone graft substitiute in its desired location during healing for treatment of critical-sized segmental defects in long bones are provided.

Abstract: Disclosed are devices, systems and methods that utilize bioprinters to form scaffold structures in situ to facilitate treatment of the musculoskeletal or skin disorders in patients. A method for treating a musculoskeletal disorder of a patient includes positioning a bioprinter at a situs of the musculoskeletal disorder, or a situs of a skin injury, in the patient. The method includes extruding a hydrogel formulation from the bioprinter into the situs. The method includes curing the hydrogel formulation in the situs. The hydrogel formulation has a composition effective to generate, upon the curing, a scaffold structure in the situs to facilitate muscle hypertrophy, or skin wound healing, in the situs.