Abstract: The invention relates to an oxygenate additive for an internal combustion engine fuel, comprising glycerol dimethyl ethers (GDMEs) and glycerol trimethyl ether (GTME); a fuel composition comprising the oxygenate additive; an improved process for methylation of glycerol with dimethyl sulfate to produce highly methylated glycerol ethers; and uses of ethers produced from the process for diesel fuel, for gasoline and for aviation turbine fuel, or as a green solvent or as an antifreezer.

Abstract: A method for measuring an iodine adsorption number of carbon black includes: (a) electrochemically reducing an unknown amount of iodine adsorbed by a predetermined amount of a carbon black sample; (b) measuring the electrical charge used for reducing the unknown amount of the iodine adsorbed by the carbon black sample; and (c) obtaining the iodine adsorption number from the measured electrical charge. An electrolytic cell and a kit for measuring an iodine adsorption number of carbon black are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for measuring an iodine adsorption number of carbon black includes: (a) electrochemically reducing an unknown amount of iodine adsorbed by a predetermined amount of a carbon black sample; (b) measuring the electrical charge used for reducing the unknown amount of the iodine adsorbed by the carbon black sample; and (c) obtaining the iodine adsorption number from the measured electrical charge. An electrolytic cell and a kit for measuring an iodine adsorption number of carbon black are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrochemical gaseous chlorine sensor. The sensor is characterized by covering one of the electrodes with a polymer material having a sensing activity and conductivity. The sensor includes: an ionic permeable film for separating a measuring chamber and a reference chamber, the ionic permeable film being a solid polymer electrolyte; a first electrode and a second electrode formed on two opposite sides of the ionic permeable film, the first electrode and the second electrode being conductors with catalytic activities; and a conductive polymer film formed on the first electrode. A fixed voltage ranging from −0.3 to 1.3V, preferably 0 to 0.2V, between said first electrode and said second electrode is maintained with a device, when the sensor is in use.