Abstract: A method of forming low-k material is provided. The method includes providing a plurality of core-shell particles. The core of the core-shell particles has a first ceramic with a low melting point. The shell of the core-shell particles has a second ceramic with a low melting point and a low dielectric constant. The core-shell particles are sintered and molded to form a low-k material. The shell of the core-shell particles is connected to form a network structure of a microcrystal phase.

Abstract: An asymmetric half-bridge converter is provided. The asymmetric half-bridge converter includes a switch circuit, a resonance tank, a current sensor, and a controller. The current sensor senses a waveform of a resonance current flowing through the resonance tank to generate a sensing result. The controller determines the sensing result. When the sensing result indicates that an ending current value of a primary resonance waveform of the resonance current is greater than a predetermined value, the controller performs a first switching operation on the switch circuit. When the sensing result indicates that the ending current value of the primary resonance waveform is less than or equal to the predetermined value, the controller performs a second switching operation on the switch circuit.

Abstract: An asymmetric half-bridge converter is provided. The asymmetric half-bridge converter includes a switch circuit, a resonance tank, a current sensor, and a controller. The current sensor senses a waveform of a resonance current flowing through the resonance tank to generate a sensing result. The controller determines the sensing result. When the sensing result indicates that an ending current value of a primary resonance waveform of the resonance current is greater than a predetermined value, the controller performs a first switching operation on the switch circuit. When the sensing result indicates that the ending current value of the primary resonance waveform is less than or equal to the predetermined value, the controller performs a second switching operation on the switch circuit.

Abstract: A high efficiency converter is provided. The converter can be used in applications requiring fast transient response under a first loading condition, and high efficiency under a second loading condition. The converter converts one or more input voltages via two or more conversion paths. Each of the two or more conversion paths corresponds to a different loading condition which indicates a magnitude of a load driven by the converter (e.g., heavy or light), and a target transient response of the load (e.g., fast or slow). A conversion path for a heavy or fast loading condition converts an input voltage directly to a target output voltage. A conversion path for a light or slow loading condition includes a two-stage architecture.

Abstract: Voltage regulators and related methods are described. The voltage regulators described in the application may include an operational amplifier, an output transistor, and a signal buffer connected between the operational amplifier and the output transistor. In some embodiments, these voltage regulators are used in connection with memory units. A voltage regulator may be arranged such that the signal amplifier clamps the voltage at the gate of the output transistor to the output voltage when the memory unit is in an idle mode. In this way, when the memory is accessed, the amplitude and duration of output voltage overshoots can be limited, relative to some voltage regulators.

Abstract: A high efficiency converter is provided. The converter can be used in applications requiring fast transient response under a first loading condition, and high efficiency under a second loading condition. The converter converts one or more input voltages via two or more conversion paths. Each of the two or more conversion paths corresponds to a different loading condition which indicates a magnitude of a load driven by the converter (e.g., heavy or light), and a target transient response of the load (e.g., fast or slow). A conversion path for a heavy or fast loading condition converts an input voltage directly to a target output voltage. A conversion path for a light or slow loading condition includes a two-stage architecture.

Abstract: Voltage regulators and related methods are described. The voltage regulators described in the application may include an operational amplifier, an output transistor, and a signal buffer connected between the operational amplifier and the output transistor. In some embodiments, these voltage regulators are used in connection with memory units. A voltage regulator may be arranged such that the signal amplifier clamps the voltage at the gate of the output transistor to the output voltage when the memory unit is in an idle mode. In this way, when the memory is accessed, the amplitude and duration of output voltage overshoots can be limited, relative to some voltage regulators.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for efficient resource-oriented power evaluation. By mapping instructions to microarchitecture components, both advantages of high-level simulation performance and fine-grained power model are obtained. The present invention effectively reduces simulation runtime overhead and provides an accurate power estimation result. The present invention is nearly as accurate as gate-level simulators, with an error rate of less than 1.2 while achieving simulation speeds of up to 20 MIPS, five orders faster than a commercial gate-level simulator. By using the present invention, it is easy to analyze power consumption profile and peak power.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for efficient resource-oriented power evaluation. By mapping instructions to microarchitecture components, both advantages of high-level simulation performance and fine-grained power model are obtained. The present invention effectively reduces simulation runtime overhead and provides an accurate power estimation result. The present invention is nearly as accurate as gate-level simulators, with an error rate of less than 1.2 while achieving simulation speeds of up to 20 MIPS, five orders faster than a commercial gate-level simulator. By using the present invention, it is easy to analyze power consumption profile and peak power.

Abstract: A P2P network has a content provider and a plurality of peers viewing the same video streaming channel. Each peer has a P2P live streaming system. In an exemplary system, a token manager module manages at least a token sent by the plurality of peer nodes, notifies a recording manager module to publish recorded media stream content, and to record media stream data. The recording manager module, according to the notification, manages a corresponding buffer for each peer node itself, records the media stream content into the corresponding buffer and publishes the recorded media stream content information to the P2P network. A P2P module handles the P2P messages and maintains the P2P network topology for the plurality of peer nodes.

Abstract: A P2P network has a content provider and a plurality of peers viewing the same video streaming channel. Each peer has a P2P live streaming system. In an exemplary system, a token manager module manages at least a token sent by the plurality of peer nodes, notifies a recording manager module to publish recorded media stream content, and to record media stream data. The recording manager module, according to the notification, manages a corresponding buffer for each peer node itself, records the media stream content into the corresponding buffer and publishes the recorded media stream content information to the P2P network. A P2P module handles the P2P messages and maintains the P2P network topology for the plurality of peer nodes.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an apparatus and method for IP mobility management for persistent connections. Without affecting the applications on the network domain, it provides for domain hand-off for a mobile node so that the mobile node can maintain the persistent connection. The mobility management apparatus may comprise a Mobility-Aware Socket module (MAS) and one or more mobility management servers. Each mobility management server communicates with a corresponding mobile node. When a mobile node roams from a first network domain to a second network domain, the mobile node and its target mobile nodes execute the MAS module to support the mobility management for persistent connections through their corresponding mobility management servers.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system and method for transmitting streaming services. The system may comprise a service agent having a service list. The service list records the contact addresses and priority for one or more nodes that can provide streaming services. The priority for a node represents the level that the node belongs to a path for transmitting streaming data. When a client node requests the service agent for the nodes, wherein the nodes may provide a specific streaming service, the service agent searches for the service list and responds the search result to the client node. Therefore, the client node may get the streaming data directly from the nodes being found, and these nodes form a peer-to-peer network system.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an apparatus and method for IP mobility management for persistent connections. Without affecting the applications on the network domain, it provides for domain hand-off for a mobile node so that the mobile node can maintain the persistent connection. The mobility management apparatus may comprise a Mobility-Aware Socket module (MAS) and one or more mobility management servers. Each mobility management server communicates with a corresponding mobile node. When a mobile node roams from a first network domain to a second network domain, the mobile node and its target mobile nodes execute the MAS module to support the mobility management for persistent connections through their corresponding mobility management servers.