Abstract: A semiconductor device and a method of forming the same are provided. The semiconductor device includes a substrate, a gate structure, a dielectric structure and a contact structure. The substrate has source/drain (S/D) regions. The gate structure is on the substrate and between the S/D regions. The dielectric structure covers the gate structure. The contact structure penetrates through the dielectric structure to connect to the S/D region. A lower portion of a sidewall of the contact structure is spaced apart from the dielectric structure by an air gap therebetween, while an upper portion of the sidewall of the contact structure is in contact with the dielectric structure.

Abstract: User equipment (UE) for sounding reference signal (SRS) triggering is provided. The UE may include a radio frequency (RF) signal processing device and a processor. The RF signal processing device receives first slot offset information and second slot offset information from a network node. The first slot offset information is configured through a radio resource control (RRC) information element (IE) to indicate a first time difference between the down link control information (DCI) and a resource reference slot. The second slot offset information indicates the second time difference between the reference slot and an SRS resource. The processor is coupled to the RF signal processing device. When the RF signal processing device receives the DCI, the processor triggers an SRS transmission for the SRS resource according to the first slot offset information and the second slot offset information.

Abstract: User equipment (UE) for sounding reference signal (SRS) triggering is provided. The UE may include a radio frequency (RF) signal processing device and a processor. The RF signal processing device receives first slot offset information and second slot offset information from a network node. The first slot offset information is configured through a radio resource control (RRC) information element (IE) to indicate a first time difference between the down link control information (DCI) and a resource reference slot. The second slot offset information indicates the second time difference between the reference slot and an SRS resource. The processor is coupled to the RF signal processing device. When the RF signal processing device receives the DCI, the processor triggers an SRS transmission for the SRS resource according to the first slot offset information and the second slot offset information.

Abstract: A partial sounding method for sounding-reference-signal (SRS) is proposed. The network node may transmit higher-layer signal configuring a fractional SRS resource for partial sounding in configured resource blocks (RBs) to user equipment (UE). The UE may determine an SRS sequence length and a frequency-domain starting position of the fractional SRS resource based on the higher-layer signal to increase the SRS capacity.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure provide an electronic device including processing circuitry and a method for beam failure recovery. The processing circuitry can determine whether beam failure occurs on at least one of a plurality of cells configured for serving an electronic device. When the beam failure is determined to occur on the at least one of the plurality of cells, the processing circuitry can send an uplink message that includes a first portion and a second portion to a network. The first portion indicating the beam failure is transmitted using a physical random access channel (PRACH) resource. The second portion indicates at least one of cell information of the at least one of the plurality of cells and new beam information of one or more new candidate beams for the at least one of the plurality of cells and is transmitted using a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) resource.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure provide an electronic device including processing circuitry and a method for beam failure recovery (BFR). When beam failure is determined to occur on at least one of a plurality of cells configured for the electronic device, the processing circuitry can send a BFR scheduling request (SR) to a network. The BFR SR can indicate the beam failure and requesting resources to report the beam failure. The processing circuitry can receive priority scheduling for the resources from the network. The processing circuitry can send a BFR request (BFRQ) using the resources. The BFRQ can indicate cell information of the at least one of the plurality of cells and new beam information of one or more new candidate beams for the at least one of the plurality of cells.

Abstract: Examples pertaining to reference signal sharing in mobile communications are described. An apparatus (e.g., UE) receives a plurality of reference signals comprising a first set of reference signals and a second set of reference signals. The apparatus performs time or frequency tracking based on the plurality of reference signals. Alternatively, the apparatus generates a channel state information (CSI) report associated with the plurality of reference signals and transmits the CSI report to a network.

Abstract: In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be a UE. The UE receives an indication for transmitting a particular DMRS sequence in an uplink transmission. The particular DMRS sequence is time domain based. The UE generates the particular DMRS sequence. The UE modulates the particular DMRS sequence to obtain a set of symbols. The UE maps a plurality of symbols of the set of symbols to a plurality of subcarriers. The UE transmits the plurality of symbols on the plurality of subcarriers.

Abstract: In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be a UE. The UE measures one or more reference signals to determine a channel state on a channel including M delay taps. The UE determines a first precoder matrix for selecting a set of beams from L beams transmitted from the base station on the channel. The UE determines a second precoder matrix for combining the set of beams. The second precoder matrix includes at least two groups of coefficients each including coefficients being normalized based on a respective reference coefficient. Each coefficient corresponds to a respective one beam of the L beams at a particular polarization on a respective one delay tap of the M delay taps. The UE quantizes coefficients of the second precoder. The UE transmits an indication of the second precoder matrix having quantized coefficients.

Abstract: Techniques and examples pertaining to enhanced Type II channel state information (CSI) in mobile communications are described. A user equipment (UE) receives, from a network node of a wireless network, one or more reference signals via a communication link between the UE and the network node. The UE constructs a precoder such that a number of selected beams for a plurality of delay taps is reduced. The UE also constructs a linear combination-based CSI feedback by utilizing the precoder such that overhead in the CSI feedback is reduced compared to a case in which the number of selected beams for the plurality of delay taps is not reduced. The UE then transmits the CSI feedback to the network node.

Abstract: A UE receives an indication for transmitting a first DMRS sequence having a first length in an uplink transmission. The first DMRS sequence is time domain based. The first DMRS sequence is associated with one or more other DMRS sequences each having a different length. The UE generates the first DMRS sequence and modulates the first DMRS sequence to obtain a set of modulation symbols. The UE maps the set of modulation symbols to a first set of resource elements. An interference, to a first modulation symbol of the set of modulation symbols and mapped to a first resource element of the first set of resource elements, that would be caused by a respective modulation symbol, obtained from a respective one of the one or more other DMRS sequences and mapped to the first resource element if generated, is in a predetermined relationship with the first modulation symbol.

Abstract: Various examples with respect to resource allocation and VRB-to-PRB mapping in mobile communications are described. A processor of a user equipment (UE) establishes a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication link with a network node of a wireless network. The processor receives data from the network node, with the data represented by a plurality of resource block groups (RBGs) in a frequency domain in terms of resource allocation. The processor then processes the data. In receiving the data, the processor receives in one or more precoding resource block groups (PRGs) of a plurality of PRGs in the frequency domain via the MIMO wireless communication link. The plurality of RBGs and the plurality of PRGs are aligned in the frequency domain.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure provide an electronic device including processing circuitry and a method for beam failure recovery. The processing circuitry can determine whether beam failure occurs on at least one of a plurality of cells configured for serving an electronic device. When the beam failure is determined to occur on the at least one of the plurality of cells, the processing circuitry can send an uplink message that includes a first portion and a second portion to a network. The first portion indicating the beam failure is transmitted using a physical random access channel (PRACH) resource. The second portion indicates at least one of cell information of the at least one of the plurality of cells and new beam information of one or more new candidate beams for the at least one of the plurality of cells and is transmitted using a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) resource.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure provide an electronic device including processing circuitry and a method for beam failure recovery (BFR). When beam failure is determined to occur on at least one of a plurality of cells configured for the electronic device, the processing circuitry can send a BFR scheduling request (SR) to a network. The BFR SR can indicate the beam failure and requesting resources to report the beam failure. The processing circuitry can receive priority scheduling for the resources from the network. The processing circuitry can send a BFR request (BFRQ) using the resources. The BFRQ can indicate cell information of the at least one of the plurality of cells and new beam information of one or more new candidate beams for the at least one of the plurality of cells.

Abstract: Techniques and examples of layer mapping, channel state information (CSI) feedback and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback in mobile communications are described. A user equipment (UE) receives from a base station one or more reference signals, which may be non-zero power (NZP) or zero power (ZP), on one or more time-frequency resources indicated by a network via a communication link between the UE and the base station. The UE estimates, based on the receiving, a subspace spanned by a channel response of an interfering signal. The UE determines a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) based on the estimated subspace. The UE transmits to the base station a channel state information (CSI) feedback comprising at least the PMI. The PMI may include at least a first precoder and a second precoder.

Abstract: In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be a UE. The UE measures one or more reference signals to determine a channel state on a channel including M delay taps. The UE determines a first precoder matrix for selecting a set of beams from L beams transmitted from the base station on the channel. The UE determines a second precoder matrix for combining the set of beams. The second precoder matrix includes at least two groups of coefficients each including coefficients being normalized based on a respective reference coefficient. Each coefficient corresponds to a respective one beam of the L beams at a particular polarization on a respective one delay tap of the M delay taps. The UE quantizes coefficients of the second precoder. The UE transmits an indication of the second precoder matrix having quantized coefficients.

Abstract: In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be a UE. The UE receives an indication for transmitting a particular DMRS sequence in an uplink transmission. The particular DMRS sequence is time domain based. The UE determines an adjustment to a base DMRS sequence for generating the particular DMRS sequence. The UE generates the particular DMRS sequence based on the adjustment and the base DMRS sequence. The UE modulates the particular DMRS sequence to obtain a set of symbols. The UE maps a plurality of symbols of the set of symbols to a plurality of subcarriers. The UE transmits the plurality of symbols on the plurality of subcarriers.

Abstract: In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be a UE. The UE receives an indication for transmitting a particular DMRS sequence in an uplink transmission. The particular DMRS sequence is time domain based. The UE generates the particular DMRS sequence. The UE modulates the particular DMRS sequence to obtain a set of symbols. The UE maps a plurality of symbols of the set of symbols to a plurality of subcarriers. The UE transmits the plurality of symbols on the plurality of subcarriers.

Abstract: Various solutions with respect to codebook-based uplink transmission in wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) stores information with respect to a plurality of permutations with respect to a mapping between a plurality of sounding reference signal (SRS) resources and a plurality of antenna ports at the UE. The UE receives signaling from a network node of a wireless network. The signaling contains an index identifying a permutation among the plurality of permutations. The UE performs an uplink transmission of data to the network node using one or more SRS resources of the plurality of SRS resources and one or more antenna ports of the plurality of antenna ports according to the identified permutation.

Abstract: Various examples and schemes pertaining to reference signals with low power imbalance and low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in mobile communications are described. A processor of an apparatus generates a multi-port multi-symbol reference signal (RS). The processor then controls a transmitter to transmit the multi-port multi-symbol RS through a plurality of antenna ports. In generating the multi-port multi-symbol RS, the processor performs either or both of: (1) modifying a time-domain orthogonal cover code (TD-OCC) pattern for code-division multiplexing (CDM) with respect to the multi-port multi-symbol RS such that time-domain power imbalance is reduced; and (2) performing a permutation on a respective sequence of each CDM group of a plurality of CDM groups with respect to the multi-port multi-symbol RS such that a peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is reduced.