Abstract: Generally, the present disclosure is directed to compositions and methods of using the same. In some embodiments, a composition described herein comprises a nanoparticle, a plurality of nanofibers disposed on an exterior surface of the nanoparticle, and a payload disposed within an interior of the nanoparticle. The nanoparticle has an average size in three dimensions, and the plurality of nanofibers has an average length in a long dimension. In some cases, a ratio of the average size of the nanoparticle to the average length of the nanofibers is between 2 and 250.