Abstract: A system and method for probabilistic detection of tooth cavities using machine learning is provided. The system includes a contour detection module to identify contours from a dental image thereby selecting areas of interest to analyze for a probability of occurrence of a cavity and processing the contours by applying filters thereby converting the dental image into a grayscale image. The system includes a user selection module to allow a user to select contours. The system includes a pre-processing module to isolate the contours into bounding boxes based on a ratio and convert the bounding boxes into pre-defined pixels using a machine learning model. The system includes a machine learning pipeline to analyze the contours using the machine learning model thereby identifying the presence of a cavity. The system includes an output module to display a label corresponding to the contours, wherein the label indicates a probability of occurrence of a cavity.