Abstract: Traffic signals that adapt to traffic conditions are provided with countdown timers. These countdown timers count down from some number towards zero, and indicate the approximate duration remaining before a traffic signal changes state. Since the traffic signal is continuously adapting to traffic conditions, the exact time before a state change occurs is not known in advance. Using a countdown algorithm, the countdown timers imperceptibly modify the countdown sequence in real time so that the traffic signal state change coincides approximately with the moment the countdown reaches its minimum count.

Abstract: An AC current of a particular frequency is setup in a body to be sensed, and amplitudes and phases of AC voltages at many electrodes attached to the body are detected simultaneously. Two modulating signals of the same frequency as the introduced AC current, one in phase with the AC input and one 90 degrees out of phase with it, are provided at all electrode measurement circuits. At the electrode measurement circuit, each of the modulating signals is mixed separately with the electrode signal using non-linear circuit components such as transistors or diodes. The output of this mixed signal is stored as a charge, in a capacitor or a semiconductor device (e.g. a CMOS transistor) that can store charge when in a certain state. Upon assertion of a readout signal, the charge is converted back into voltage and sent out on an analog voltage output line from which it is read using ADCs. The charge is reset upon the assertion of a reset signal.

Abstract: A medical apparatus is provided comprising a delivery device and an algorithm. The delivery device comprises: a plurality of electrodes, a first lead, and a second lead. The plurality of electrodes comprises a first set of electrodes comprising one or more electrodes, and a second set of electrodes comprising one or more electrodes. The first lead comprises the first set of electrodes, and the second lead comprises the second set of electrodes. The delivery device is configured to measure impedance between multiple pairs of electrodes of the plurality of electrodes. The algorithm is configured to determine position information of the first lead and/or the second lead.

Abstract: An adaptive lighting system for even illumination is provided. In an embodiment, multiple lamps illuminate light in different areas or zones of the surroundings. These lamps modulate their light output in a known (but imperceptible) pattern. One or more light detectors detects light from the surroundings. Light sourced from each lamp is disambiguated and one or more light time-of-flight delays are calculated for each lamp-light detector pair. Based on these calculated delays, illumination levels of the lights are adjusted so as to produce even illumination.

Abstract: Various ways of creating polynomial interpolations in one, two and three dimensions using purely mechanical means are disclosed. Various arrangements of gears are disclosed that can constrain certain rotating elements to rotate equal to the average or difference of the rotation angles of other rotating elements. These arrangements are combined in various ways to create mechanical arrangements having a set of rotating elements that are constrained to be linear or polynomial functions in one or many dimensions. Various uses of mechanical polynomial interpolation are disclosed, including focusing rays of the sun onto a target.

Abstract: An adaptive lighting system for even illumination is provided. In an embodiment, multiple lamps illuminate light in different areas or zones of the surroundings. These lamps modulate their light output in a known (but imperceptible) pattern. One or more light detectors detects light from the surroundings. Light sourced from each lamp is disambiguated and one or more light time-of-flight delays are calculated for each lamp-light detector pair. Based on these calculated delays, illumination levels of the lights are adjusted so as to produce even illumination.

Abstract: Traffic signals that adapt to traffic conditions are provided with countdown timers. These countdown timers count down from some number towards zero, and indicate the approximate duration remaining before a traffic signal changes state. Since the traffic signal is continuously adapting to traffic conditions, the exact time before a state change occurs is not known in advance. Using a countdown algorithm, the countdown timers imperceptibly modify the countdown sequence in real time so that the traffic signal state change coincides approximately with the moment the countdown reaches its minimum count.

Abstract: An adaptive lighting system for even illumination is provided. In an embodiment, multiple lamps illuminate light in different areas or zones of the surroundings. These lamps modulate their light output in a known (but imperceptible) pattern. One or more light detectors detects light from the surroundings. Light sourced from each lamp is disambiguated and one or more light time-of-flight delays are calculated for each lamp-light detector pair. Based on these calculated delays, illumination levels of the lights are adjusted so as to produce even illumination.

Abstract: A machine that can stretch a material sample biaxially is disclosed. The material sample is gripped on four sides using two pairs of opposing gripping assemblies. Each gripping assembly comprises of multiple individual grippers which can slide towards or apart from each other. The two pairs of opposing gripping assemblies can be slid towards or away from each other, producing either equal or unequal stretches in the two directions. Each individual gripper slides in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which its respective gripping assembly can move as a unit. As the gripping assemblies are moved, the individual grippers are also moved in such a way as to maintain the rectangularity of a rectangular region of the specimen as much as possible.

Abstract: A universal materials testing machine is disclosed. In one embodiment, the machine comprises a plurality of grips holding a circular material specimen sheet; the grips being capable of pulling the material specimen radially outward. Each grip is connected to a force measurement sensor such as a load cell. The grip and the load cell assembly is connected to a linear actuator assembly. The linear actuator assembly comprises a motor connected to an arm that can move along a straight line. The actuator pulls or pushes the load cell and grip assembly. A camera module captures images of the specimen while being stretched or released. A data processing system gathers camera module images along with force measurements from the load cells. An analysis module running on the data processing unit computes stress and strain measurements and fits them to user selectable material model.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of manufacturing sheets with varying concentrations of particles are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method comprises manufacturing an apparatus comprising a first sheet and a light source disposed near an edge of the first sheet. A second corrugated sheet having a first concentration of particles is provided. A third corrugated sheet having a second concentration of particles is provided.

Abstract: A universal materials testing machine is disclosed. In one embodiment, the machine comprises a plurality of grips holding a circular material specimen sheet; the grips being capable of pulling the material specimen radially outward. Each grip is connected to a force measurement sensor such as a load cell. The grip and the load cell assembly is connected to a linear actuator assembly. The linear actuator assembly comprises a motor connected to an arm that can move along a straight line. The actuator pulls or pushes the load cell and grip assembly. A camera module captures images of the specimen while being stretched or released. A data processing system gathers camera module images along with force measurements from the load cells. An analysis module running on the data processing unit computes stress and strain measurements and fits them to user selectable material model.

Abstract: An energy efficient light source comprising photoluminescent material and a selective mirror is disclosed. In an embodiment, a first light source emanates light of a particular spectrum, a layer of photoluminescent material surrounding the first light source absorbs light of the spectrum emanated by the first light source and emanates light of a different spectrum, and a selective mirror surrounding the layer of photoluminescent material reflects light emanated by the first light source and transmits light emanated by the photoluminescent material.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for providing a light source in the form of a surface are disclosed. In one embodiment, the apparatus comprises a first sheet including a light diffuser, and a light source placed along an edge of the first sheet. The first sheet diffuses light generated by the light source, wherein the distribution of light diffusing particles is varied throughout the light diffuser to emanate a predetermined light pattern.

Abstract: A method of operating a display with gaps in between the pixels, a primarily transparent backlight and a camera is disclosed. In an embodiment, the method comprises capturing an image in the camera through the primarily transparent backlight and gaps in between the pixels of the transmissive display during a capture period, not capturing an image in the camera during the display period and making the gaps in between the pixels of the transmissive display opaque during the display period.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for coupling light from concentric illuminators into a light source in the form of a surface are disclosed. According to one embodiment, the apparatus comprises a plurality of concentric tubes, each tube including a light diffuser. The apparatus also has a sheet having a first edge with the plurality of concentric tubes placed along the first edge. Each tube of the plurality of concentric tubes diffuses light such that the light emanates in a predetermined pattern along the first edge of the sheet.

Abstract: A first light source system comprises a light guide with light deflecting particles. If its light emission function and concentration variation function (of the light deflecting particles) are known, then a similar second light source system with a desired light emission function can be designed using the following method. The concentration variation function of the second light source system is obtained by mutating the concentration variation function of the first light source system using the same mutating function that mutates the light emission function of the first light source system into the light emission function of the second light source system.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a body with oriented aspherical particles is disclosed. In an embodiment, the method comprises introducing aspherical particles with an orientation property in a liquid base material and solidifying the base material under the influence of an orienting force field.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of manufacturing sheets with varying concentrations of particles are described. In one embodiment, a method comprises manufacturing a first sheet having a varying concentration of particles. A second sheet having a second concentration of particles and a first shape with varying thickness is provided. A third sheet having a third concentration of particles and a second shape with varying thickness is provided. The second sheet and the third sheet are merged to generate the first sheet.

Abstract: An energy efficient light source comprising photoluminescent material and a selective mirror is disclosed. In an embodiment, a first light source emanates light of a particular spectrum, a layer of photoluminescent material surrounding the first light source absorbs light of the spectrum emanated by the first light source and emanates light of a different spectrum, and a selective mirror surrounding the layer of photoluminescent material reflects light emanated by the first light source and transmits light emanated by the photoluminescent material.