Abstract: Disclosed are devices, systems, and methods for routing and scheduling using column generation (CG)-based techniques. The described embodiments include dual optimal inequalities that incorporate detours (referred to as detour-DOI), graph generation (GG), principled graph management (PGM), and column generation with local area (LA) route relaxations. These CG-based techniques can be applied to a variety of logistical optimization problems that include, but are not limited to, the facility location problem, the capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP), the CVRP with time windows, multi-robot routing (both with and without time windows), the bus driver scheduling problem, the supply chain scheduling problem, the shift/workforce scheduling problem, and the grocery picking for micro-fulfillment problem.