Abstract: A sensor element for determining the concentration of gas components in gas mixtures, particularly for determining the oxygen concentration in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines. It contains a pump cell, which pumps oxygen into or out of a measuring gas chamber, as well as a concentration cell, which has a reference electrode situated in the reference gas channel, and has a measuring electrode. The measuring gas chamber and the reference gas channel are situated in the same layer plane of the sensor element, and are separated from each other by a partition, which is produced by applying a ceramic paste to an adjacent, solid electrolyte foil.

Abstract: A gas sensor, in particular for determining the oxygen content in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, is described. The gas sensor includes a sensing element sealedly fastened in a housing, whose segment on the measured gas side has at least one electrode exposed to a measured gas, at least one electrode exposed to a reference gas, and a reference gas conduit, extending in the longitudinal direction of the sensing element, which terminates at the segment of the sensing element remote from the measured gas and is connected to a reference gas source; and having contacts remote from the measured gas for making contact to the electrodes of the sensing element. Provision is made for the reference gas conduit to terminate at a large surface of the sensing element and to be sealed with a planar sealing fit.

Abstract: A gas sensor including a sealing arrangement for sensing exhaust gases of internal combustion engines includes a housing for the sealing arrangement having a longitudinal bore; a planar sensor element secured in the longitudinal bore of the housing; a spring element; upper and lower molded parts that are pressed together by means of the spring element; and a sealing material comprised of a ceramic powder and disposed between the upper and lower molded parts and surrounding the sensor element in a gas-tight manner, wherein the lower molded part consists of a disk-shaped base part and a ring that rests on the disk-shaped base part so that an inside space is defined within the ring for holding the ceramic powder, wherein the upper molded part has a ring-shaped, stepped recess which is pressed into the inside space of the lower molded part, and wherein the ceramic powder in the inside space is held in a compressed state due to compressing forces exerted by the spring element.

Abstract: A engine exhaust gas measuring sensor having a sealing device and having a sleeve suitable for connection to a housing including a sealing element which is arranged at an end of sleeve facing away from the housing so that a reference air chamber is formed within the sleeve. The sealing element also has at least one opening extending longitudinally and at least one oblong contact which penetrates the opening and serves the purpose of establishing an electrical bond with a sensor element of the lambda probe. A glass seal is placed within the opening for the purpose of sealing and insulation. The glass seal encloses a longitudinal section of the contact located within the opening in the form of a jacket. The sealing element and the sleeve are made of metal. A method for making such an engine exhaust gas sensor includes the steps of introducing solder glass in a sealing element opening, heating the solder glass so that it becomes fluid and cooling the glass so that is solidifies or sets.

Abstract: Orifice elements for use in valves for injecting fuel or a fuel-gas mixture. The orifice elements include two silicon plates, joined to one another. An upper plate has one or more injection orifices. The lower plate has a through hole introduced in it, through which a fuel jet can emerge. The lower plate follows in the downstream direction and includes a jet splitter. The jet splitter divides the through hole into at least two passthrough openings so that a dual-jet characteristic is produced or maintained for the valve. At least two conduits are formed between the upper plate and the lower plate. Gas is provided via the conduits and is mixed with the fuel discharged through the injection orifice. The injection orifice and the valve are particularly suited for injection systems of mixture-compressing internal-combustion engines having externally supplied ignition.

Abstract: A silicon orifice element includes an upper silicon plate and a lower silicon plate. A liquid can be injected through injection orifices of the upper silicon plate. Recesses which form air conduits are present in the lower silicon plate. The atomization and spray angle of the liquid stream passing through the injection orifices can be influenced by certain arrangements of the air conduits.

Abstract: A method for fabricating silicon injection plates is both highly precise and particularly simple. The silicon injection plate is formed by an upper silicon plate having injection holes and a lower silicon plate having a through opening and channels. The lower silicon plate is fabricated by simultaneous, double-sided etching of silicon.

Abstract: A valve for injecting a fuel/gas mixture that includes a perforated body, which comprises an upper thin plate and a lower thin plate, both of which are for instance embodied of monocrystalline silicon. At least one conduit is formed between the upper thin plate and the lower thin plate, by way of which conduit the gas meets the fuel injected through the at least one injection port. It is unnecessary to adjust the metered gas quantity. The perforated body and the valve are particularly suitable for injection systems in mixture-compressing internal combustion engines with externally supplied ignition.

Abstract: A valve for metering a fluid including a small upper plate, a small middle plate and a small lower plate. The small middle plate has a closing element with a diaphragm region surrounding the closing element. The stroke of the closing element is limited in an axial direction by the small upper plate and by a valve seat of the small lower plate. As a result, very accurate metering of the fluid is possible. The valve is especially suitable as an injection valve for injection systems of mixture-compressing internal combustion engines with externally supplied ignition.